Intermittent dynamics of bubble dissolution due to interfacial growth of fat crystals

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Liascukiene ◽  
Gabriel Amselem ◽  
Jessem Landoulsi ◽  
Zeyneldeniz Gunes ◽  
Charles N Baroud
Keyword(s):  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Fat Crystals ◽  
Interfacial Growth ◽  
Over Time

Foams are inherently unstable objects, that age and disappear over time. The main cause of foam aging is Ostwald ripening: smaller air bubbles within the foam empty their gas content...

scholarly journals Build me up to break me down: frothed spawn in the sandpaper frog, Lechriodus fletcheri, is formed by female parents and later broken down by their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
John Gould
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
External Stresses ◽  
Resultant Increase ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

Several genera of anuran amphibians deposit their eggs within mucous secretions that have been aerated by the parents to produce a foam or bubble spawn body. This is a dynamic medium for embryo development given that it gradually breaks down over time, and one that has been hypothesised to serve a variety of purposes including protecting embryos from external stresses, such as suboptimal temperatures, desiccation and predation. In this study, I provide additional details of bubble spawn production in the sandpaper frog, Lechriodus fletcheri. Field and laboratory observations showed that females aerate spawn while in inguinal amplexus, using flanged fingers to transport air bubbles into the mucous. While the frothed spawn is initially resistant to breakdown, it gradually loses bubbles and flattens out into a film. This temporal shift in structure is likely to be adaptive, as the resultant increase in surface area allows embryos to come in direct contact with the open water, which may accommodate their increased oxygen demands or ease extrication from the mass. I provide evidence that this process is controlled by the residing embryos, given that spawn in the absence of embryos does not break down, highlighting the ability of offspring to modify their immediate environment even before hatching occurs to ensure conditions remain suitable for their changing needs.

Ostwald Ripening of the Air Bubbles in Liquid Crystals

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Beom-Kyu LEE ◽  
Sung-Jo KIM ◽  
Jeong-Seon YU ◽  
Jong-Hyun KIM*
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Air Bubbles

scholarly journals Ice-Coring At Mizuho Station, Antarctica, and Core Analyses: A Contribution from the Glaciological Research Program in East Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
H. Narita ◽  
S. Mae ◽  
M. Nakawo ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
M. Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Recovery ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Antarctic Research

Between May 1983 and July 1984 glaciological parties of the 24th and 25th Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JARE–24 and 25) carried out ice-core drilling using a thermal drill, down to 700.5 m depth at Mizuho Station (70°41'53"S, 44°19'54"E), as a part of the Glaciological Research Program in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica.The thermal drill, 3.9 m long and capable of taking a core 1.5 m long and 130 mm in diameter, is an improved version of a drill used by JARE–15 in 1975. The most important improvement was the monitoring system during drilling, for which a micro-computer was fitted in the drill. By using this system, such accidents as heater burn-out, tank overflow and failure of water suction would immediately be brought to our attention. The drilling speed was about 1.6 m/h, when the optimum output was 3.6 kW. The core recovery rate was above 99%.The core quality was good down to a depth of 80 m. Between 80 and 120 m, cracks were found at intervals of 0.15–0.5 m, and horizontal cracks were found continuously at intervals of 0.01 m or less.Immediately after the core was pulled, the stratigraphy was observed and bulk density was measured. A dust band, presumably volcanic particles, was seen at only 500.2 m depth during stratigraphic observation. The following analyses were carried out at Mizuho Station within a month of recovery: (1)Density determination by the hydrostatic method.(2)Measurement of total gas content.(3)Thin-section analyses, including observation of cracking around air bubbles and the crystalline texture, and ice-fabric studies.The 700.5 m core has been brought to Japan, and the following analyses are now under way: (1)Oxygen-isotope ratio.(2)Concentration of microparticles.(3)Electric conductivity.(4)Chemistry of soluble impurities.

Propagation of weak disturbances in warm water with air bubbles

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
I.I. Vdovenko ◽  
N.N. Vdovenko
Keyword(s):  
Oblique Incidence ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Harmonic Waves ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Reflection And Refraction ◽  
Bubble Sizes ◽  
Weak Disturbances

The features of reflection and refraction of harmonic waves at the interface between a ”pure“ liquid and a liquid with bubbles with a vapor-gas mixture under direct and oblique incidence are studied. A numerical analysis is made of the effect of the initial volumetric gas content αg0 for two initial bubble sizes a0=10–6 m and 10–3 m. The influence of the disturbance frequencies on the reflection and refraction coefficients of sound in direct incidence and on the dependence of the angle of refraction on the angle of incidence is studied.

Variability over time of complement activation induced by air bubbles in human and rabbit sera

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1811-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bergh ◽  
A. Hjelde ◽  
O. J. Iversen ◽  
A. O. Brubakk
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Static Feature ◽  
Over Time

Complement activation induced by air bubbles in rabbit and human sera was studied by measuring the generation of anaphylatoxin des-Arg-C5a. des-Arg-C5a was quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on neoepitope-specific anti-des-Arg-C5a monoclonal antibodies. Air bubbles were continuously introduced to serum via a calibrated microflowmeter, and the serum was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Air bubbles clearly generated increased amounts of des-Arg-C5a compared with corresponding levels in control serum, and a dose-dependent effect was also noted. Strong positive correlations between des-Arg-C5a concentrations in control sera and sera incubated with air bubbles at a flow of 0.5 ml/min were found. To study variation over time, serum was obtained at regular intervals from six rabbits and from six healthy humans during 66- and 196-day periods, respectively. A pronounced intraindividual variability over time was thus observed. The reason for the large variability is at present unknown. We conclude that the sensitivity of complement to activation by air bubbles is not an inherent, static feature of the complement system of an individual. Therefore single-point analysis of complement activation by air bubbles appears to be an inappropriate parameter by which to differentiate a "sensitive" or "insensitive" complement system between individuals.

scholarly journals Coarsening behavior of bulk nanobubbles in water

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Il Lee ◽  
Han Sol Huh ◽  
Joong Yull Park ◽  
Jung-Geun Han ◽  
Jong-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ◽  
Coarsening Behavior ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn recent years, minuscule gas bubbles called bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) have drawn increasing attention due to their unique properties and broad applicability in various technological fields, such as biomedical engineering, water treatment, and nanomaterials. However, questions remain regarding the stability and behavior of BNBs. In the present work, BNBs were generated in water using a gas–liquid mixing method. NB analysis was performed using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) method to investigate the coarsening behavior of BNBs in water over time. The diameters of the BNBs increased, and their cubic radii increased linearly (r3 ~ t) over time. While the concentration of BNBs decreased, the total volume of BNBs remained the same. The size distribution of the BNBs broadened, and the concentration of larger BNBs increased over time. These results indicate that relatively small BNBs disappeared due to dissolution and larger BNBs grew through mass transfer between BNBs instead of coalescence. In other words, BNBs underwent Ostwald ripening: gas molecules from smaller BNBs diffused through the continuous phase to be absorbed into larger BNBs.

scholarly journals Superglassy Polymers to Treat Natural Gas by Hybrid Membrane/Amine Processes: Can Fillers Help?

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Ahmed W. Ameen ◽  
Peter M. Budd ◽  
Patricia Gorgojo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
Over Time

Superglassy polymers have emerged as potential membrane materials for several gas separation applications, including acid gas removal from natural gas. Despite the superior performance shown at laboratory scale, their use at industrial scale is hampered by their large drop in gas permeability over time due to physical aging. Several strategies are proposed in the literature to prevent loss of performance, the incorporation of fillers being a successful approach. In this work, we provide a comprehensive economic study on the application of superglassy membranes in a hybrid membrane/amine process for natural gas sweetening. The hybrid process is compared with the more traditional stand-alone amine-absorption technique for a range of membrane gas separation properties (CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity), and recommendations for long-term membrane performance are made. These recommendations can drive future research on producing mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of superglassy polymers with anti-aging properties (i.e., target permeance and selectivity is maintained over time), as thin film nanocomposite membranes (TFNs). For the selected natural gas composition of 28% of acid gas content (8% CO2 and 20% H2S), we have found that a CO2 permeance of 200 GPU and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 16 is an optimal target.

scholarly journals Arresting dissolution by interfacial rheology design

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (39) ◽  
pp. 10373-10378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Beltramo ◽  
Manish Gupta ◽  
Alexandra Alicke ◽  
Irma Liascukiene ◽  
Deniz Z. Gunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Nonspherical Particles ◽  
Interfacial Rheology ◽  
Ellipsoidal Particles ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Generic Design

A strategy to halt dissolution of particle-coated air bubbles in water based on interfacial rheology design is presented. Whereas previously a dense monolayer was believed to be required for such an “armored bubble” to resist dissolution, in fact engineering a 2D yield stress interface suffices to achieve such performance at submonolayer particle coverages. We use a suite of interfacial rheology techniques to characterize spherical and ellipsoidal particles at an air–water interface as a function of surface coverage. Bubbles with varying particle coverages are made and their resistance to dissolution evaluated using a microfluidic technique. Whereas a bare bubble only has a single pressure at which a given radius is stable, we find a range of pressures over which bubble dissolution is arrested for armored bubbles. The link between interfacial rheology and macroscopic dissolution of ∼ 100 μm bubbles coated with ∼ 1 μm particles is presented and discussed. The generic design rationale is confirmed by using nonspherical particles, which develop significant yield stress at even lower surface coverages. Hence, it can be applied to successfully inhibit Ostwald ripening in a multitude of foam and emulsion applications.

scholarly journals Thermally insulating extruded foams laminated with barrier films

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
VA Woodcraft ◽  
J Arionus ◽  
RT Fox
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Barrier Films ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Extruded Foams ◽  
Insulation Performance ◽  
Over Time

Extruded styrenic foam can provide considerable insulation performance, making it a suitable material for a wide variety of building applications. Its thermal resistance over time is heavily influenced by the diffusion rate of oxygen and nitrogen from the ambient air environment into the cellular structure, and which, if moderated, can lead to still more effective systems. Application of a barrier to surfaces of the foam as a means to provide more controllable gas exchange can be accomplished through use of multilayer ethylene vinyl alcohol-based polymeric films designed specifically for the purpose. Behavior of barrier-faced foam systems with respect to cell gas content, mechanical properties, thermal insulation performance over time, and barrier integrity is described, along with potential benefits of its use in practice.

scholarly journals Ice-Coring At Mizuho Station, Antarctica, and Core Analyses: A Contribution from the Glaciological Research Program in East Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Narita ◽  
S. Mae ◽  
M. Nakawo ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
M. Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Recovery ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Antarctic Research

Between May 1983 and July 1984 glaciological parties of the 24th and 25th Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JARE–24 and 25) carried out ice-core drilling using a thermal drill, down to 700.5 m depth at Mizuho Station (70°41'53"S, 44°19'54"E), as a part of the Glaciological Research Program in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The thermal drill, 3.9 m long and capable of taking a core 1.5 m long and 130 mm in diameter, is an improved version of a drill used by JARE–15 in 1975. The most important improvement was the monitoring system during drilling, for which a micro-computer was fitted in the drill. By using this system, such accidents as heater burn-out, tank overflow and failure of water suction would immediately be brought to our attention. The drilling speed was about 1.6 m/h, when the optimum output was 3.6 kW. The core recovery rate was above 99%. The core quality was good down to a depth of 80 m. Between 80 and 120 m, cracks were found at intervals of 0.15–0.5 m, and horizontal cracks were found continuously at intervals of 0.01 m or less. Immediately after the core was pulled, the stratigraphy was observed and bulk density was measured. A dust band, presumably volcanic particles, was seen at only 500.2 m depth during stratigraphic observation. The following analyses were carried out at Mizuho Station within a month of recovery: (1) Density determination by the hydrostatic method. (2) Measurement of total gas content. (3) Thin-section analyses, including observation of cracking around air bubbles and the crystalline texture, and ice-fabric studies. The 700.5 m core has been brought to Japan, and the following analyses are now under way: (1) Oxygen-isotope ratio. (2) Concentration of microparticles. (3) Electric conductivity. (4) Chemistry of soluble impurities.

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