scholarly journals Green Hydrogen and Platform Chemicals Production from Acidogenic Conversion of Brewery Spent Grains Co-fermented with Cheese Whey Wastewater: Adding Value to Acidogenic CO2

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omprakash Sarkar ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Increasing Demand

The biotechnological production of fuel and chemicals from renewable, organic carbon-rich substrates offers a sustainable way to meet the increasing demand for energy. This study aimed to generate platform chemicals,...

scholarly journals Treatment of dairy waste by anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
Hanna Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Abstract The results of anaerobic digestion (AD) of buttermilk (BM) and cheese whey (CW) with a digested sewage sludge as inoculum is described. The substrate/inoculum mixtures were prepared using 10% buttermilk and 15% cheese whey. The essential parameters of the materials were described, including: total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), pH, conductivity, C/N ratio (the quantitative ratio of organic carbon (C) to nitrogen (N)), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD). The potential directions of biodegradation of the organic waste types, as used in this study, are also presented. Appropriate chemical reactions illustrate the substrates and products in each phase of anaerobic decomposition of the compounds that are present in buttermilk and cheese whey: lactic acid, lactose, fat, and casein. Moreover, the biogas and biomethane production rates are compared for the substrates used in the experiment. The results have shown that buttermilk in AD generates more biogas (743 m3/Mg VS), including methane (527 m3/Mg VS), when compared with cheese whey (600 m3/Mg VS, 338 m3/Mg VS for biogas and methane, respectively).

scholarly journals Biotechnological production of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) using porungo cheese whey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Saldanha BOLOGNESI ◽  
Sabrina GABARDO ◽  
Paulo Roberto DALL CORTIVO ◽  
Marco Antônio Záchia AYUB
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Biotechnological Production

Biotechnological production of platform chemicals through anode assisted fermentation by using an artificial biofilm of S. oneidensis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Edel ◽  
Johannes Gescher
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Protein Residues ◽  
Platform Chemicals

<p>A shift from petrochemical processes to a bio-based economy is inevitable to establish a sustainable industry. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a future technology for the environment-friendly production of platform chemicals. In BESs exoelectrogenic bacteria such as <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> can directly transfer respiratory electrons to the anode, which serves as a non-depletable electron acceptor. So far, the main limiting factor in BESs is the achievable current density which correlates to some extend with the density, thickness and metabolic activity of anode biofilms composed of exoelectrogenic microorganisms. This is especially true for<em> S. oneidensis</em> as the organism forms rather thin biofilms under anoxic conditions on anode surfaces.</p> <p>In order to enhance the organisms’ biofilm formation capabilities Bursac <em>et al</em>. deleted the <em>λ-</em>prophage from the genome. The deletion of the <em>λ-</em>prophage led to a 2.3-fold increased cell number on the anode ongoing with a 1.34-fold increased mean current density (Bursac <em>et al</em>., 2017). Furthermore, we just recently discovered that exogenous riboflavin enhances biofilm formation by the upregulation of the Ornithine-decarboxylase <em>speC</em>. This is probably based on a quorum sensing effect of riboflavin. Taken together the upregulation of <em>speC</em> ongoing with the deletion of the <em>λ-</em>prophage leads to a 4-fold increase in current density ongoing with a 6.1-fold increased biofilm formation on the anode.</p> <p>However, to ensure an optimal performance of the biofilm in BESs, biofilm thickness itself is not sufficient. The biofilm also needs to be conductive. Our aim is to establish the Spytag-/Spycatcher-tool to synthetically steer biofilm conductivity. Spytag and Spycatcher are two protein residues from the fibronectin binding protein of <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> (Spy). These two protein residues form a spontaneous isopeptide bond under a variety of temperatures, pH values and buffers (Zakeri et al., 2012). By coupling Spytag and Spyctacher to different outer membrane <em>c</em>-type cytochromes of <em>S. oneidensis</em> the cells are covalently bound to each other while the biofilm remains conductive. In a first application the production of acetoin as one of the top 30 platform chemicals world-wide is desired (US Department of Energy, 2004).</p> <p>In order to render <em>S. oneidensis</em> producing acetoin instead of the native end product acetate, Bursac <em>et al</em>. deleted the key genes for acetate production and introduced the acteoin production pathway (Bursac <em>et al</em>., 2017). To broaden the substrate spectrum of <em>S. oneidensis</em> further genes for glucose metabolism were introduced. Through a long term adaption, the glucose degradation, the biofilm formation abilities and the bioelectrochemical performance were significantly enhanced.</p> <p>Merging all genetic optimizations into one production strain will enable us to produce acetoin from glucose as a platform chemical with high space-time yields. This will give rise to a production process that is competitive with existing oxic process routines without being dependent on expensive aeration.</p> <p>References:</p> <p>Bursac, T., Gralnick, J.A.,Gescher, J. (2017) Acetoin production via unbalanced fermentation in <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em>. Biotechnol Bioeng 114: 1283–1289.</p> <p>Zakeri, B., Fierer, J.O., Celik, E., Chittock, E.C., Schwarz-Linek, U., Moy, V.T., Howarth, M. (2012) Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109: E690.</p>

scholarly journals From Cheese Whey Permeate to Sakacin A: A Circular Economy Approach for the Food-Grade Biotechnological Production of an Anti-Listeria Bacteriocin

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Musatti ◽  
Daniele Cavicchioli ◽  
Chiara Mapelli ◽  
Danilo Bertoni ◽  
Johannes A. Hogenboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Meat Extract ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Sakacin A ◽  
De Man ◽  
Cheese Whey Permeate

Cheese Whey Permeate (CWP) is the by-product of whey ultrafiltration for protein recovery. It is highly perishable with substantial disposal costs and has serious environmental impact. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel and cheap CWP-based culture medium for Lactobacillus sakei to produce the food-grade sakacin A, a bacteriocin exhibiting a specific antilisterial activity. Growth conditions, nutrient supplementation and bacteriocin yield were optimized through an experimental design in which the standard medium de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) was taken as benchmark. The most convenient formulation was liquid CWP supplemented with meat extract (4 g/L) and yeast extract (8 g/L). Although, arginine (0.5 g/L) among free amino acids was depleted in all conditions, its supplementation did not increase process yield. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing sakacin A from CWP. Cost of the novel medium was 1.53 €/L and that of obtaining sakacin A 5.67 €/106 AU, with a significant 70% reduction compared to the corresponding costs with MRS (5.40 €/L, 18.00 €/106 AU). Taking into account that the limited use of bacteriocins for food application is mainly due to the high production cost, the obtained reduction may contribute to widening the range of applications of sakacin A as antilisterial agent.

scholarly journals Development of Sustainable Catalytic Pathways for Furan Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Liu ◽  
Dayong Yu ◽  
Wenjia Yang ◽  
Qiuyun Zhang ◽  
Hongguo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Renewable Feedstock

Biomass, the only globally available, renewable feedstock of organic carbon, is considered a viable alternative to fossil fuels. It can be efficiently utilized to produce various building blocks in accordance with green and sustainable chemistry principles. In this review, recent progress, such as the transformation of carbohydrates (C5 or C6 sugar, inulin, and cellulose) and their derivatives (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural) into significant platform chemicals over polyoxometalates, zeolites, non-noble metals, and ionic liquids in single or multiphase, is evaluated.

scholarly journals Combination of Persulfate /Peroxymonosulfate Activated By Ion (II) with Hydrogen Peroxide for Mineralization and Valorization of Vinasse

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7519-7527
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse ◽  
Oxidation Agent

Recently, there is an increasing demand for water due to rapid industrialization and a growing human population. There is a too shortage of available water sources; thus, one option for increasing existing resources is the treatment and reuse of wastewaters. Vinasse poses a long-term risk to public health because of its toxic nature and a huge amount. This study investigates a new prospect of a combination of persulfate (PS)/ peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (activated by Ion (II)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for reducing total organic carbon (TOC) from vinasse and reuse of treated vinasse as well. Behaviors of PS/Fe(II)/ H2O2 and PMS/ Fe(II)/ H2O2 on total organic carbon (TOC) removal are explored by evaluating various effects, including H2O2 dosage, Fe (II) dosage, pH and reaction time. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidation agent to improve the degradation of the organic matter of vinasse. The addition of H2O2 to PS/ Fe (II) or PMS/ Fe (II) generates highly oxidizing radicals, which enhanced, significantly, the removal of TOC. Both of PS/ Fe (II)/ H2O2 and PMS/ Fe (II)/ H2O2 systems favored neutral pH in removing the organic matter, and they were very active in the first 5 minutes. At the optimum conditions, about 86 % and 83% of TOC removal were achieved by PS/ Fe (II)/ H2O2 and PMS/ Fe (II)/ H2O2, respectively. Therefore, a combination of PS/PMS activated by Fe (II) with H2O2 can be considered as a capable technique for sugarcane vinasse treatment and allowing to reuse the effluents in many applications.

Development of 200 kV Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
H. Koike ◽  
S. Sakurai ◽  
K. Ueno ◽  
M. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Increasing Demand

In recent years, there has been increasing demand for higher voltage SEMs, in the field of surface observation, especially that of magnetic domains, dislocations, and electron channeling patterns by backscattered electron microscopy. On the other hand, the resolution of the CTEM has now reached 1 ∼ 2Å, and several reports have recently been made on the observation of atom images, indicating that the ultimate goal of morphological observation has beem nearly achieved.

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