Effects of metal site and acid site on the hydrogenolysis of cornstalk in supercritical ethanol during lignin-first fractionation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Luo ◽  
Zhixiang Huang ◽  
Riyang Shu ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Zhipeng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Site ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Metal Site ◽  
Lignin Utilization ◽  
Supercritical Ethanol

Lignin-first strategy is promising in lignin utilization to produce value-added aromatic compounds and their derivatives for a high efficiency. Herein, we explore the hydrogenolysis of cornstalk lignin in supercritical ethanol...

scholarly journals Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yong Kim ◽  
Deokgi Hong ◽  
Jae-Chan Lee ◽  
Hyoung Gyun Kim ◽  
Sungwoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency

AbstractFor steady electroconversion to value-added chemical products with high efficiency, electrocatalyst reconstruction during electrochemical reactions is a critical issue in catalyst design strategies. Here, we report a reconstruction-immunized catalyst system in which Cu nanoparticles are protected by a quasi-graphitic C shell. This C shell epitaxially grew on Cu with quasi-graphitic bonding via a gas–solid reaction governed by the CO (g) - CO2 (g) - C (s) equilibrium. The quasi-graphitic C shell-coated Cu was stable during the CO2 reduction reaction and provided a platform for rational material design. C2+ product selectivity could be additionally improved by doping p-block elements. These elements modulated the electronic structure of the Cu surface and its binding properties, which can affect the intermediate binding and CO dimerization barrier. B-modified Cu attained a 68.1% Faradaic efficiency for C2H4 at −0.55 V (vs RHE) and a C2H4 cathodic power conversion efficiency of 44.0%. In the case of N-modified Cu, an improved C2+ selectivity of 82.3% at a partial current density of 329.2 mA/cm2 was acquired. Quasi-graphitic C shells, which enable surface stabilization and inner element doping, can realize stable CO2-to-C2H4 conversion over 180 h and allow practical application of electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion.

scholarly journals The Efficiency Analysis of National R&D Planning for the Field of Precision Medicine in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
BangRae Lee ◽  
EunSoo Sohn ◽  
DongKyu Won ◽  
WoonDong Yeo ◽  
KwangHoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
Input Variables

Precision medicine has received a lot of attention in recent years and we have not yet found any research cases that apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to investment decision making in this area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relative efficiency of candidate technology sectors in order to determine priorities for government investment in precision medicine. The results of the efficiency analysis can be used as an important reference for government policy makers to determine the amount of government investment in the next year for each candidate technology sector. The candidate technology for government investment in precision medicine was decided for 23 sectors based on the data analysis and the opinions of expert committees. This study applies the input-oriented DEA in regard to 23 technology sectors, which is widely used to analyze relative efficiency in terms of inputs versus outputs and to enhance efficiency through the propositional reduction of inputs. The input variables include the government’s research and development (R&D) investment and forward and backward industry linkage effects. The output variables are the employment creation effect, value-added effect, number of Korean patents, and number of Korean papers. Our analysis results show that the 23 technology sectors in precision medicine overall have a high efficiency, with the exception of the biobank technology sector. Therefore, since the Biobank technology sector has strong infrastructure characteristics, it seems to require continuous investment. The efficiency of DEA is high in most precision medicine sectors; therefore, overall, investing in these technologies is expected to yield good benefits.

scholarly journals Hydrolytic secretome engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica for consolidated bioprocessing on polysaccharide resources: review on starch, cellulose, xylan, and inulin

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-989
Author(s):  
Ewelina Celińska ◽  
Jean-Marc Nicaud ◽  
Wojciech Białas
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Key Points

Abstract Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) featuring concomitant hydrolysis of renewable substrates and microbial conversion into value-added biomolecules is considered to bring substantial benefits to the overall process efficiency. The biggest challenge in developing an economically feasible CBP process is identification of bifunctional biocatalyst merging the ability to utilize the substrate and convert it to value-added product with high efficiency. Yarrowia lipolytica is known for its exceptional performance in hydrophobic substrates assimilation and storage. On the other hand, its capacity to grow on plant-derived biomass is strongly limited. Still, its high potential to simultaneously overproduce several secretory proteins makes Y. lipolytica a platform of choice for expanding its substrate range to complex polysaccharides by engineering its hydrolytic secretome. This review provides an overview of different genetic engineering strategies advancing development of Y. lipolytica strains able to grow on the following four complex polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, xylan, and inulin. Much attention has been paid to genome mining studies uncovering native potential of this species to assimilate untypical sugars, as in many cases it turns out that dormant pathways are present in Y. lipolytica’s genome. In addition, the magnitude of the economic gain by CBP processing is here discussed and supported with adequate calculations based on simulated process models. Key points • The mini-review updates the knowledge on polysaccharide-utilizing Yarrowia lipolytica. • Insight into molecular bases founding new biochemical qualities is provided. • Model industrial processes were simulated and the associated costs were calculated.

Mechanical Research with Development of Automatic Handshaking Signal Module for Cross Connecting Cabinet Remote Monitoring Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
Gin Shan Chen ◽  
Zhi Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Fiber To The Home ◽  
Network Transmission

Since the urgent demands for high-speed broadband Internet, facilities originally installed in a unit-central office end are moved to the places close to the users in order to enhance the broadband and overcome the high-frequency attenuation of copper cables, such as cross connecting cabinets (CCC) on streets, and the lines between a unit-central office and CCC are changed to optical fiber cables. Network transmission technology has currently become the generation of optical fiber. To actually promote fiber to the home, the value-added services of high-speed Internet access, VoIP, and multimedia service for users are currently the highlighted telecommunications technology and businesses. Nevertheless, copper cables have been used for a long period of time that it would be costly to completely replace copper cables. Gradually replacing old cables with new ones is considered as the optimal strategy. Without constructing optical fiber lines at different places or completely removing copper cables, Automatic Handshaking Signal Module (AHSM) for a CCC developed in this study is considered economical and simple. It could monitor the signal handshaking through remote control and make structural and functional changes of existing copper-cable cross connecting cabinets for the low-cost and high-efficiency seamless technology transfer.

scholarly journals Noteworthy Bio Resource Utilization and Eco-Friendly Bioconversion Approaches of Versatile Invasive Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) Biomass - A Green Strategy for Aquatic Environmental Safety and Management of Aquatic Weeds.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthick Raja Namasivayam Selvaraj ◽  
Lakshmanan Vigneshwaraprakash ◽  
Rajansowri Arvindbharani ◽  
JanarathanamManivannan Vivek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Aquatic Weed

Abstract Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) is considered as a hazardous weed in numerous places of the world. Despite of its harmful effects, the weed offers potential substrate for production of monetarily industrial important and value added products. In the present study, an eco-friendly bioconversion or biotransformation of processed water hyacinth biomass (WHB) into high efficiency fuel, adsorbent for brewery industry waste water treatment coupled methylene blue dye, biofertilizer and nutrient media for viable inoculam production of fungal biopesticide Nomuraea rileyi was carried out adopting green science in situ principles. Bioconversion of the WHB was initiated by alkali treatment which brought about notable differences in physical texture and chemical composition. Pre-treated WHB was enzymatically hydrolysed into soluble simple sugars followed by fermentation of the sugar into ethanol with 65.2 % total yield with 77.3 g/l final concentration. Batch studies reveals that WHB brought about effective reduction of various physicio chemical properties and notable adsorption efficacy. Plant growth promoting effect was studied using green gram (Vigna mungo). Green gram grew on soil under pot culture technique inoculated with WHB uncovers imperative plant growth promotion effect. Culture medium prepared from reconstituted WHB supported viable inoculum production of potential fungal biopesticide Beauveria bassiana. Fungal inoculum derived from the WHB based culture medium was effective against larval instars of castor semi-looper Achaea janata in terms of high mortality.The present examination uncovers the conceivable viable bioconversion of water hyacinth biomass (WHB) into different worth included vitality, ecological as gives a green procedure to cleaner production and the executives of aquatic invasive weeds.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Applications of Acidophilic Fungal Microbes for Bio-Chemicals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehman Javaid ◽  
Aqsa Sabir ◽  
Nadeem Sheikh ◽  
Muhammad Ferhan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Phenyl Propanoid ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Lignin Depolymerization

The processing of fossil fuels is the major environmental issue today which should be lessen. Biomass is gaining much interest these days as an alternate to energy generation. Lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is abundant and has been used for a variety of purposes. Among them, the lignin polymer having phenyl-propanoid subunits linked together through C-C bonds or ether linkages, can produce numerous chemicals. It can be depolymerized by microbial activity together with certain enzymes (laccases and peroxidases). Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin depolymerization. Natural organic acids production by fungi has many key roles in nature that are strictly dependent upon organic acid producing fungus type. Fungal enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic is beneficial over other physiochemical processes. Laccases, the copper containing proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), the heme containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields value-added compounds, the important ones are BTX (Benzene, Xylene and Toluene) and phenols as well as certain polymers like polyurethane and carbon fibers. Thus, this review will provide a concept that biological modifications of lignin using acidophilic microbes can generate certain value added and environment friendly chemicals.

scholarly journals Designing Modular Cell-free Systems for Tunable Biotransformation of l-phenylalanine to Aromatic Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Yushi Liu ◽  
Wan-Qiu Liu ◽  
Changzhu Wu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
The One ◽  
Free Modules ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Cell-free systems have been used to synthesize chemicals by reconstitution of in vitro expressed enzymes. However, coexpression of multiple enzymes to reconstitute long enzymatic pathways is often problematic due to resource limitation/competition (e.g., energy) in the one-pot cell-free reactions. To address this limitation, here we aim to design a modular, cell-free platform to construct long biosynthetic pathways for tunable synthesis of value-added aromatic compounds, using (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol ((S)-PED) and 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) as models. Initially, all enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways were individually expressed by an E. coli-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system and their catalytic activities were confirmed. Then, three sets of enzymes were coexpressed in three cell-free modules and each with the ability to complete a partial pathway. Finally, the full biosynthetic pathways were reconstituted by mixing two related modules to synthesize (S)-PED and 2-PE, respectively. After optimization, the final conversion rates for (S)-PED and 2-PE reached 100 and 82.5%, respectively, based on the starting substrate of l-phenylalanine. We anticipate that the modular cell-free approach will make a possible efficient and high-yielding biosynthesis of value-added chemicals.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Secure Routing for Flying Ad-hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Hoc Networks

The recent technology development increases the opportunity to create valuable network services to user. Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) in one among them which evolved recently with enhanced value added services with common features similar to its predecessor ad-hoc networks like vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Due to its distinctive features FANETs are widely preferred in recent telecommunication services which requires high quality of services, efficiency, environment adaptability and scalability. In order to achieve high efficiency multiple aerial vehicles are used in general architectures. The Communication in such vehicles are progressed directly between the nodes or through relay nodes. Routing is an important process to establish a connection link between the nodes in the architecture. This research work proposed a routing strategy suitable for dynamic and static environments as a hybrid optimization model which reduces the issues in link establishment. Nature inspired bee colony optimization is used along with conventional routing algorithms such as optimized link state routing protocol and Dynamic Source Routing Protocol to improve the link discovery. The proposed optimized routing outperforms well in reduced delay and communication overhead of the network.

scholarly journals Economic model of an innovative enterprise in the digital economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil Demidenko ◽  
Julia Dubolazova ◽  
Ekaterina Malevskaya-Malevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Innovative Enterprise

Currently, the innovation vector is a necessary condition for development of high-tech and high-efficiency industries, a competitiveness factor of enterprise products in market conditions in any economic activity forms. In conditions of transfer to the digital economy, the innovation process – as an incentive for technological modernization of production, increasing of its efficiency and development of new competitive products – allows generating relatively high value added that in terms of corporate finance is a key factor in increasing the company market value that in turn is a generally accepted criterion of the economic efficiency of the enterprise activity as a whole. The article specifies the concept of the economic model of the enterprise that performs innovative activities in conditions of the digital economy. A comparative analysis of the economic model of the enterprise that does not implement innovation and the innovative enterprise is carried out. The economic model of the innovative enterprise proposes a gradual transition from the production of simple goods to science-intensive and high-technology products by increasing in the level of production development, technologies and skills of employees. The process for formation of the economic model of the enterprise is a mechanism that is a set of elements unified by the system of direct and back links between them and intended to create value added. Based on the performed analysis, it was detected that the innovation enterprise has a number of preferences that compensates for the innovative risk and increases the value added. The model of the value added of the enterprise that performs innovative activity is formulated.

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