scholarly journals Copper-Catalyzed Hydroformylation and Hydroxymethylation of Styrenes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Wu ◽  
Tim Meyer ◽  
Robert Franke ◽  
Hui-Qing Geng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

Hydroformylation catalyzed by transition metals is one of the most important homogeneously catalyzed reactions in industrial organic chemistry. Millions of tons of aldehydes and related chemicals are produced by this...

Iron catalyzed stereoselective alkene synthesis: a sustainable pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (95) ◽  
pp. 14937-14961
Author(s):  
Xin-Fang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Alkene Synthesis

Replacing expensive or toxic transition metals with iron has become an important trend. This article summarises the recent progresses of a wide range of Fe-catalyzed reactions for accessing various stereodefined alkenes.

scholarly journals Half- and mixed-sandwich metallacarboranes for potential applications in medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gozzi ◽  
Benedikt Schwarze ◽  
Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Isolobal Analogy

Abstract Today, medicinal chemistry is still clearly dominated by organic chemistry, and commercially available boron-based drugs are rare. In contrast to hydrocarbons, boranes prefer the formation of polyhedral clusters via delocalized 3c2e bonds, such as polyhedral dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (closo-C2B10H12). These clusters have remarkable biological stability, and the three isomers, 1,2- (ortho), 1,7- (meta), and 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (para), have attracted much interest due to their unique structural features. Furthermore, anionic nido clusters ([7,8-C2B9H11]2−), derived from the neutral icosahedral closo cluster 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) by deboronation followed by deprotonation are suitable ligands for transition metals and offer the possibility to form metallacarboranes, for example via coordination through the upper pentagonal face of the cluster. The isolobal analogy between the cyclopentadienyl(–1) ligand (Cp−) and [C2B9H11]2− clusters (dicarbollide anion, Cb2−) is the motivation in using Cb2− as ligand for coordination to a metal center to design compounds for various applications. This review focuses on potential applications of half- and mixed-sandwich-type transition metal complexes in medicine.

scholarly journals N-Heterocyclic Carbene Mediated Organocatalysis Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatheesh Narayana ◽  
Sandhya N. C. ◽  
H.E. Dinesh ◽  
Sridhar B. Thimmaiah ◽  
Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Carbonyl Carbon ◽  
Main Group Elements ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Electrophilic Character ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Arduengo et al., isolated the first ‘bottleable’ carbene, the first N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-di(adamantyl)imidazol-2-ylidene resulted to an explosion of experimental and theoretical studies of novel NHCs being synthesized and analyzed have huge practical significance. These compounds emerged as successful ligands for coordinating transition metals, the complexes with NHC show diverse applications in the field of catalysis and organic transformation, NHC as ligand to main group elements and their properties and applications. Here this chapter provides the concise overview of N-heterocycle carbene as an organocatalyst that provides different organic transformation on to a carbonyl group. The majority of the NHC catalyzed reactions are employed in the phenomenon of reversing the electrophilic character of carbonyl carbon to nucleophilic carbon (umpolung activity) on coordination suggests benzoin, Stetter and hydroacylation reactions. Also, non-umpolung activity of bis-electrophile α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums reaction with suitable bis-nucleophiles in the organic synthesis have been studied.

Ionic Liquid Promoted Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Six-membered Npolyheterocycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media

Background: The synthesis of N-polyheterocycles by environmentally benign method is highly attractive but challenging proposition. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of polycyclic heterocycles in the last decades. In this review article, the synthesis of nitrogen containing six-membered polycyclic heterocyclic compounds is presented with the application of ionic liquids. This contribution focuses on the literature related to the total synthesis of six-membered N-polyheterocycles. Objective: Ionic liquids not only acted as environmentally benign reaction media but also as catalysts which afforded the very promising replacements of traditional molecular solvents in organic chemistry due to their stability, non-flammability, non-volatility and ease of recyclability. Ionic liquids are utilized in metal catalyzed reactions in place of organic solvents in the last years. It has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Ionic liquids acted as alternatives of organic solvents and these ILs are environment friendly. Conclusion: In the area of green chemistry ionic liquid assisted synthesis is a very promising technique which afforded a flexible platform for the formation of heterocycles. The influence of ILs on the development of efficient and new synthetic protocols over the last decade for the construction of N-polyheterocycles is featured in this review article. These synthetic strategies will continue to attract more attention and will find a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. In conclusion, ionic liquids assisted syntheses have become an efficient and powerful tool in organic chemistry quickly.

Organic chemistry under hydrothermal conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Avola ◽  
Marie Guillot ◽  
Denilson da Silva-Perez ◽  
Stephane Pellet-Rostaing ◽  
Werner Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
The Self ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Superheated Water ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Temperature Water

At elevated temperature, several properties of water are strongly altered compared to what our daily experience tells us: the dielectric constant of water, for example, is reduced, so that water can more easily solubilize organic molecules. In addition, the self-dissociation constant of water is increased (by three orders of magnitude at 250 °C), thus favoring H+- and OH–-catalyzed reactions. Surprisingly, while room-temperature water and supercritical water (SCW) are well known for promoting organic reactions, the middle temperature range still remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this contribution aims at giving an overview of organic reactions that may be promoted by superheated water.

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