scholarly journals Effect of flame retardants on mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based polyurethane rigid foams

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 30860-30872
Author(s):  
Qirui Gong ◽  
Liangyu Qin ◽  
Liangmin Yang ◽  
Keke Liang ◽  
Niangui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Rigid Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Rigid Foam

A vegetable oil-based polyurethane rigid foam containing a phosphorus–nitrogen dualflame retardant system was prepared, and the foam exhibited not only excellent flame retardant properties but also good mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Anti-flammability, mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based rigid polyurethane foams with the addition of flame retardants

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (53) ◽  
pp. 32156-32161
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqi Lin ◽  
Qinqin Zhang ◽  
Kaisen Jiang ◽  
Weisheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Bio-based rigid polyurethane foams with the addition of flame retardant exhibit preferable flame-retardant properties.

scholarly journals Investigations on Epoxy-Carbamate Foams Modified with Different Flame Retardants for High-Performance Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3893
Author(s):  
Simon T. Kaysser ◽  
Christian Bethke ◽  
Isabel Fernandez Romero ◽  
Angeline Wo Weng Wei ◽  
Christian A. Keun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymeric Foams ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In transport sectors such as aviation, automotive and railway, materials combining a high lightweight potential with high flame retardant properties are in demand. Polymeric foams are suitable materials as they are lightweight, but often have high flammability. This study focuses on the influence of different flame retardants on the burning behavior of Novolac based epoxy foams using Isophorone Diamine carbamate (B-IPDA) as dual functional curing and blowing agent. The flame retardant properties and possible modifications of these foams are systematically investigated. Multiple flame retardants, representing different flame retardant mechanisms, are used and the effects on the burning behavior as well as mechanical and thermal properties are evaluated. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), used with a filler degree of 20 wt.% or higher, functions as the best performing flame retardant in this study.

Flammability and mechanical properties of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) copolymer–containing intumescent flame retardants

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Huang ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Zhengzhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its two microcapsules, APP with a shell of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin (MFAPP) and APP with a shell of epoxy resin (EPAPP), were studied in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS). The results indicate that APP after the microencapsulation leads to an increase in limiting oxygen index in SBS compared with APP. When dipentaerythritol is incorporated into the SBS composites containing the APP microcapsules, a further improvement in flame retardancy of the composites is observed. The microencapsulation does not result in much improvement of mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of a compatibilizer (SBS grafted with maleic anhydride) on flame-retardant and mechanical properties of SBS/APP composites was investigated.

scholarly journals Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolin Lu ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Xudong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.

scholarly journals Study on the Synergies of Nanoclay and MWCNTs to the Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Modern flame retardants are organic compounds containing halogen or phosphorus groups and are not always well dispersed in polymers. Thus, by using a small amount of nanoclay and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), they can significantly reduce the number of conventional flame retardant additives, making the material with optimal flame retardant properties. Conventional flame retardants always have some negative effects on the mechanical properties of the polymer substrate, so by using nanoclay and MWCNTs, those adverse effects can be minimized and overcome. In this work, in order to improve the mechanical properties and flame retardant of nanocomposite materials, nanoclay I.30E and MWCNTs are mixed into epoxy, with the selected percentage of 2% and 0.02% by weight, respectively, stirring mechanically for 7, 8, and 9 hours at 3000 rpm at 80°C, then performing ultrasonic vibration for 6 hours at 65°C.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Flame-Retardant Properties and Mechanical Properties of PA66 with Different Dicyclohexyl Hypophosphite Acid Metal Salts

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Junliang Lu ◽  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
Jinyan Lang ◽  
Heng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Three metal salts of dicyclohexyl hypophosphite, namely dicyclohexyl aluminum hypophosphite (ADCP), dicyclohexyl magnesium hypophosphite (MDCP), and dicyclohexyl zinc hypophosphite (ZDCP), were synthesized. These flame retardants were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis, and the results showed that ADCP and ZDCP had higher thermal stabilities than MDCP. They were then separately mixed with polyamide 66 (PA66)to prepare composite materials, of which the combustion properties were determined by the limiting oxygen index method and horizontal/vertical burning experiments. The mechanical properties of the materials were further evaluated using an electronic universal testing machine. The results showed that all the three flame retardants exerted a flame-retardant effect on PA66, but the flame-retardant effect of MDCP was inferior to those of ADCP and ZDCP. All the composites also showed similar mechanical properties. Among the three flame retardants, ADCP had the best overall performance for raw materials, showing good flame-retardant properties while maintaining the mechanical properties of the raw materials. The optimal dosage of ADCP was 15 wt %, at which a V-0 rating in the vertical burning test (UL 94 test) can be obtained.

Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane Rigid Foam/Expanded Perlite Thermal Insulation Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xing Ai ◽  
Li Qiang Cao ◽  
Xiao Long Zhao ◽  
Zhen Yu Xiang ◽  
Xiang Yong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Good Heat ◽  
Polyurethane Rigid Foam

The polyurethane rigid foam/expanded perlite thermal insulation composites (PPC) have been prepared by mixing the two-component polyurethane and expanded perlite. The effects of proportioning of constituents on the mechanical and thermal properties of PPC were investigated. The results showed the compressive strength of PPC was improved and good heat-insulating was achieved, which would promote the application of polyurethane rigid foam and expanded perlite in buildings.

Research on Flame Retarded of Polyurethane Rigid Foam/Expanded Perlite Thermal Insulation Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xing Ai ◽  
Li Qiang Cao ◽  
Xiang Yong Guo ◽  
Xiao Long Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Rigid Foam

The polyurethane rigid foam/expanded perlite thermal insulation composites (PPC) have been prepared by mixing the two-component polyurethane and expanded perlite. The effects of proportioning of constituents on the fireproofing performance of PPC were investigated according to maximum flame height using a small scale burner test. The results showed the expanded perlite has a great effect on the flame retardant properties of PPC.

Studies on the flame retardant, mechanical and thermal properties of ternary magnesium hydroxide/clay/EVA nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahamad ◽  
C. B. Patil ◽  
P. P. Mahulikar ◽  
D. G. Hundiwale ◽  
V. V. Gite
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending of EVA with nano-sized magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and modified montmorilonite clay. Nano Mg(OH)2 was synthesized in the laboratory by matrix-mediated growth and controlled technique. Particle size of Mg(OH)2 crystals was performed using X-ray diffraction technique and was found to be in nanometer range. Ternary EVA, clay and Mg(OH)2 nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using Brabender Plastograph EC. The prepared samples were characterized by flame test, tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Morphological study of the composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flame retardant properties of samples were significantly improved in the EVA/clay/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposites without losing its mechanical properties. Ternary system showed better thermal, flame retardant and mechanical properties compared with nanocomposites of EVA filled only with the nano Mg(OH)2.

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