scholarly journals Approaches for peptide and protein cyclisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Hayes ◽  
Louis YP Luk ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The cyclisation of polypeptides can play a crucial role in exerting biological functions, maintaining stability under harsh conditions and conferring proteolytic resistance, as demonstrated both in nature and in the...

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau ◽  
Shyamali Saha ◽  
Arielle Cantor
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health. Alterations of the gut bacterial population have been associated with a number of diseases. Past and recent studies suggest that one can positively modify the contents of the gut microbiota by introducing prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and other therapeutics. This paper focuses on probiotic modulation of the gut microbiota by their delivery to the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). There are numerous obstacles to overcome before microorganisms can be utilized as therapeutics. One important limitation is the delivery of viable cells to the lower GIT without a significant loss of cell viability and metabolic features through the harsh conditions of the upper GIT. Microencapsulation has been shown to overcome this, with various types of microcapsules available for resolving this limitation. This paper discusses the gut microbiota and its role in disease, with a focus on microencapsulated probiotics and their potentials and limitations.

scholarly journals Regulation of bacterial protease activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedykt Władyka ◽  
Katarzyna Pustelny
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Bacterial Protease ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractProteases, also referred to as peptidases, are the enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in polipeptides. A variety of biological functions and processes depend on their activity. Regardless of the organism’s complexity, peptidases are essential at every stage of life of every individual cell, since all protein molecules produced must be proteolytically processed and eventually recycled. Protease inhibitors play a crucial role in the required strict and multilevel control of the activity of proteases involved in processes conditioning both the physiological and pathophysiological functioning of an organism, as well as in host-pathogen interactions. This review describes the regulation of activity of bacterial proteases produced by dangerous human pathogens, focusing on the Staphylococcus genus.

Mapping mechanical properties of living cells at nanoscale using intrinsic nanopipette-sample force interaction

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilii Kolmogorov ◽  
Alexandr Erofeev ◽  
Emily Woodcock ◽  
Yuri Efremov ◽  
Aleksei Iakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Force Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stress Mapping ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements

Mechanical properties of living cells determined by cytoskeletal elements play a crucial role in a wide range of biological functions. However, low-stress mapping of mechanical properties with nanoscale resolution but...

A novel red emission fluorescent probe for monitoring carbon monoxide in living cells and zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yabing Gan ◽  
Sai Hong ◽  
Guoxing Yin ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Red Emission

Carbon monoxide (CO), a gaseous signal molecule, plays a crucial role in biological system. At the aim of unraveling its biological functions, a novel fluorescent probe for sensing CO was...

scholarly journals The role m6A RNA methylation is CNS development and glioma pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Pan ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Liwen Li ◽  
Shiyan Wu ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation

AbstractEpigenetic abnormalities play a crucial role in many tumors, including glioma. RNA methylation occurs as an epigenetic modification similar to DNA methylation and histone modification. m6A methylation is the most common and most intensively studied RNA methylation, which can be found throughout the RNA life cycle and exert biological functions by affecting RNA metabolism. The m6A modification is primarily associated with three types of protease, which are encoded by the writer, eraser and reader genes, respectively. It has been shown that the m6A methylation has close connections with the occurrence and development of many tumors, including glioma. In this study, the concept and the research progress of m6A methylation are reviewed, especially the role of m6A methylation in glioma. Moreover, we will discuss how glioma is paving the way to the development of new therapeutic options based on the inhibition of m6A deposition.

scholarly journals Niche-specific functional heterogeneity of intestinal resident macrophages

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323121
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Viola ◽  
Guy Boeckxstaens
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing

Intestinal resident macrophages are at the front line of host defence at the mucosal barrier within the gastrointestinal tract and have long been known to play a crucial role in the response to food antigens and bacteria that are able to penetrate the mucosal barrier. However, recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technology have revealed that resident macrophages throughout the gut are functionally specialised to carry out specific roles in the niche they occupy, leading to an unprecedented understanding of the heterogeneity and potential biological functions of these cells. This review aims to integrate these novel findings with long-standing knowledge, to provide an updated overview on our understanding of macrophage function in the gastrointestinal tract and to speculate on the role of specialised subsets in the context of homoeostasis and disease.

Membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol-dependent domain formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Byrum ◽  
William Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Dependent Domain

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document