Strain-Multiplexing Optical-Tuning based on Single-Pulsed Holographic Nanostructures

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Khalid ◽  
Rajib Ahmed ◽  
Haider Butt
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vital Role

Holographic flexible and rigid-nanostructures in the visible to near infrared plays a vital role in various applications including display, data storage, imaging, and security. However, personalized use of holography is...

Hyperspectral imaging for the elimination of visual ambiguity in corrosion detection and identification of corrosion sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110416
Author(s):  
Dayakar N Lavadiya ◽  
Hizb Ullah Sajid ◽  
Ravi K Yellavajjala ◽  
Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Visual Ambiguity

The similarity in the hue of corroded surfaces and coated surfaces, dust, vegetation, etc. leads to visual ambiguity which is challenging to eliminate using existing image classification/segmentation techniques. Furthermore, existing methods lack the ability to identify the source of corrosion, which plays a vital role in framing the corrosion mitigation strategies. The goal of this study to employ hyperspectral imaging (1) to detect corroded surfaces under visually ambiguous scenarios and (2) identify the source of corrosion in such scenarios. To this end, three different corrosive media, namely, (1) 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 2) 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution (NaCl), and (3) 3 wt.% sodium sulfate solution (Na2SO4), are employed to generate chemically distinctive corroded surfaces. The hyperspectral imaging sensor is employed to obtain the visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectra (397 nm–1004 nm) reflected by the corroded/coated surfaces. The intensity of the reflectance in various spectral bands are considered as the descriptive features in this study, and the training and test datasets were generated consisting of 35,000 and 15,000 data points, respectively. SVM classifier is trained and then its efficacy on the test data is assessed. Furthermore, validation datasets are employed and the generalization ability of the trained SVM classifier is verified. The results from this study revealed that the SVM classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 94% with the misclassifications of 18% and 13% in the case of NaCl and Na2SO4 corrosion, respectively. Reflectance spectra obtained in the VNIR region was found to eliminate the visual ambiguity between the corroded and coated surfaces and, identify the source of corrosion accurately. Further, the range of key wavelengths of the spectra that play an important role in the distinguishability of coating and chemically distinctive corroded surface were identified to be 500–520 nm, 660–680 nm, 760–770 nm, and 830–850 nm.

Development of Secured Log Management System Over Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Sagar Shankar Rajebhosale ◽  
Mohan Chandrabhan Nikam
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Log Files ◽  
Log Management ◽  
Log File

A log is a record of events that happens within an organization containing systems and networks. These logs are very important for any organization, because a log file will able to record all user activities. Due to this, log files play a vital role and contain sensitive information, and therefore security should be a high priority. It is very important to the proper functioning of any organization, to securely maintain log records over an extended period of time. So, management and maintenance of logs is a very difficult task. However, deploying such a system for high security and privacy of log records may be overhead for an organization and require additional costs. Many techniques have been designed for security of log records. The alternative solution for maintaining log records is using Blockchain technology. A blockchain will provide security of the log files. Log files over a Blockchain environment leads to challenges with a decentralized storage of log files. This article proposes a secured log management over Blockchain and the use of cryptographic algorithms for dealing the issues to access a data storage. This proposed technology may be one complete solution to the secure log management problem.

Industrial applications of phthalocyanines

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER GREGORY
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Copper Phthalocyanine ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Optical Data Storage ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Green Pigments

Phthalocyanines are the second most important class of colorant, and copper phthalocyanine is the single largest-volume colorant sold. Traditional uses of phthalocyanine colorants are as blue and green pigments for automotive paints and printing inks and as blue/cyan dyes for textiles and paper. Phthalocyanines have also found extensive use in many of the modern high technologies, e.g. as cyan dyes for ink jet printing, in electrophotography as charge generation materials for laser printers and as colorants for cyan toners. In the visible region, phthalocyanines are limited to blue, cyan and green colours. However, their absorption may be extended into the near infrared and by suitable chemical engineering it is possible to fingerprint the 700-1000 nm region. The properties and effects of these infrared-absorbing phthalocyanines are diverse and cover many important hi-tech applications, including photodynamic therapy, optical data storage, reverse saturable absorbers and solar screens.

A 1,3,5-triazine based polymer as a nonlinear near-infrared antenna for two-photon activated volumetric optical memory devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (41) ◽  
pp. 10775-10782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. A. Mariz ◽  
F. Siopa ◽  
C. A. B. Rodrigues ◽  
C. A. M. Afonso ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Memory ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Near Ir

Multilayer data storage is demonstrated in films of photochromic (PC) molecules doped with a nonlinear Near-IR-antenna polymer based on triazine.

scholarly journals The Inhibition of High Load Task on Individual Cognition：A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscope Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengmao Zhou ◽  
Xiaohui Song ◽  
Changqing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prefrontal Lobe

Abstract Background: Cognitive load plays a vital role in human cognitive activities, and effective measurement and intervention of cognitive load can improve learners' learning effect. As a new method of measurement, physiological measurement can show the neural mechanism of cognitive overload. MRI and EEG, as the first physiological measurement methods, have made great contributions to the related research of cognition，but they have unavoidable flaws to a certain extent. As a new physiological measurement method in recent years, fNIRS can effectively avoid the influence of the above equipment on the experiment. This study uses fNIRS to measure cognitive load with the N-back classic paradigm, aiming to explore whether the sensitivity of the prefrontal area to the task and the difficulty of the task will affect the cognitive load of the individual. Results: Through the GLM model to concretely analyze the brain activation area and use repeated measurement analysis of variance to compare behavioral data, it can be concluded that the prefrontal cortex can be effectively activated under the stimulation of work tasks. In a certain range, the prefrontal lobe activation becomes more obvious with the increase of cognitive load, but when the cognitive load exceeds the maximum limit that the prefrontal lobe can handle, the prefrontal lobe will be in a negative activation state.Conclusion: These results suggest when the task load is appropriate, the PFC can be most effectively activated for working memory processing. Therefore, learners should be analyzed in teaching activities so as to choose appropriate teaching content to ensure the maximization of teaching effect.

scholarly journals Biocompatible near-infrared quantum dots delivered to the skin by microneedle patches record vaccination

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (523) ◽  
pp. eaay7162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. McHugh ◽  
Lihong Jing ◽  
Sean Y. Severt ◽  
Mache Cruz ◽  
Morteza Sarmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Antibody Titers

Accurate medical recordkeeping is a major challenge in many low-resource settings where well-maintained centralized databases do not exist, contributing to 1.5 million vaccine-preventable deaths annually. Here, we present an approach to encode medical history on a patient using the spatial distribution of biocompatible, near-infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) in the dermis. QDs are invisible to the naked eye yet detectable when exposed to NIR light. QDs with a copper indium selenide core and aluminum-doped zinc sulfide shell were tuned to emit in the NIR spectrum by controlling stoichiometry and shelling time. The formulation showing the greatest resistance to photobleaching after simulated sunlight exposure (5-year equivalence) through pigmented human skin was encapsulated in microparticles for use in vivo. In parallel, microneedle geometry was optimized in silico and validated ex vivo using porcine and synthetic human skin. QD-containing microparticles were then embedded in dissolvable microneedles and administered to rats with or without a vaccine. Longitudinal in vivo imaging using a smartphone adapted to detect NIR light demonstrated that microneedle-delivered QD patterns remained bright and could be accurately identified using a machine learning algorithm 9 months after application. In addition, codelivery with inactivated poliovirus vaccine produced neutralizing antibody titers above the threshold considered protective. These findings suggest that intradermal QDs can be used to reliably encode information and can be delivered with a vaccine, which may be particularly valuable in the developing world and open up new avenues for decentralized data storage and biosensing.

Development of Secured Log Management System Over Blockchain Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Sagar Shankar Rajebhosale ◽  
Mohan Chandrabhan Nikam
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Log Files ◽  
Log Management

A log is a record of events that happens within an organization containing systems and networks. These logs are very important for any organization, because a log file will able to record all user activities. Due to this, log files play a vital role and contain sensitive information, and therefore security should be a high priority. It is very important to the proper functioning of any organization, to securely maintain log records over an extended period of time. So, management and maintenance of logs is a very difficult task. However, deploying such a system for high security and privacy of log records may be overhead for an organization and require additional costs. Many techniques have been designed for security of log records. The alternative solution for maintaining log records is using Blockchain technology. A blockchain will provide security of the log files. Log files over a Blockchain environment leads to challenges with a decentralized storage of log files. This article proposes a secured log management over Blockchain and the use of cryptographic algorithms for dealing the issues to access a data storage. This proposed technology may be one complete solution to the secure log management problem.

scholarly journals Enhanced Absorptance of 45# Steel by Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS)

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Jintian Bian ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Hui Kong ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Linearly Polarized

The absorptance of metals is often low within the visible and near-infrared band at room temperature. Increasing the absorption of metals plays a vital role in reducing energy consumption and production cost. After irradiation by 10 ns linearly polarized pulses with fluence close to the zero-probability damage threshold, the surface of 45# steel samples exhibited four kinds of surface structures in the spot area. The samples’ absorptance is improved by 38% when a high-quality laser-induced surface structure (LIPSS) appears at the spot centre. With the increase of the number of pulses, LIPSS begin to melt down, which will decrease the surface absorptance due to the appearance of damage stripes. The relative absorptance of samples was measured by an integrating sphere system. The paper reports detailed experiments to show that LIPSS can improve samples’ absorptance significantly.

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Road-Marking Detection Based on a Modified Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Hu ◽  
Shitu Abubakar ◽  
Shengjun Liu ◽  
Xiaobiao Dai ◽  
Gen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Fusion Technique ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Road Marking

Pedestrians, motorist, and cyclist remain the victims of poor vision and negligence of human drivers, especially in the night. Millions of people die or sustain physical injury yearly as a result of traffic accidents. Detection and recognition of road markings play a vital role in many applications such as traffic surveillance and autonomous driving. In this study, we have trained a nighttime road-marking detection model using NIR camera images. We have modified the VGG-16 base network of the state-of-the-art faster R-CNN algorithm by using a multilayer feature fusion technique. We have demonstrated another promising feature fusion technique of concatenating all the convolutional layers within a stage to extract image features. The modification boosts the overall detection performance of the model by utilizing the advantages of the shallow layers and the deep layers of the VGG-16 network. The training samples were augmented using random rotation and translation to enhance the heterogeneity of the detection algorithm. We have achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 89.48% and 92.83% for the baseline faster R-CNN and our modified method, respectively.

Molecular spectroscopic wavelength selection using combined interval partial least squares and correlation coefficient optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3108-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Jiang ◽  
Changhua Lu ◽  
Yujun Zhang ◽  
Wei Ju ◽  
Jizhou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wavelength Selection ◽  
Coefficient Optimization

Wavelength selection plays a vital role in employing near-infrared spectroscopy for analyzing samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document