scholarly journals Polarisation tuneable piezo-catalytic activity of Nb-doped PZT with low Curie temperature for efficient CO2 reduction and H2 generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362-1374
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Pham Thi Thuy Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Hoang Duy ◽  
Eleanor Roake ◽  
Hamideh Khanbareh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Particle Agglomeration ◽  
First Report ◽  
H2 Generation ◽  
Agglomeration Effects ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Impact

First report on a detailed assessment of the impact of applied acoustic power, particle agglomeration effects and impact of Tc on piezo-catalysis for CO2 reduction.

scholarly journals Indicators for assessing the impact of sectoral CO2 reduction in the industrial chain: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 107738
Author(s):  
Nanfei Jia ◽  
Xiangyun Gao ◽  
Donghui Liu ◽  
Jingjian Si ◽  
Meihui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Industrial Chain ◽  
The Impact

Seed cone traits and insect damage in Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J Turgeon ◽  
Chuck Jones ◽  
M Isabel Bellocq
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
First Report ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Maximum Proportion ◽  
Sterile Seed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Filled Seeds

We measured seed cones of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, assessed seed potential (number of fertile scales × 2) and seed efficiency (number of filled seeds/seed potential), and estimated the impact of Eupithecia mutata Pearsall (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and Megastigmus hoffmeyeri Walley (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) on seed production. Mean length, width, and volume of healthy cones varied little among sites from Ontario. Cones had about 28 scales; 13 were sterile. Seed potential and seed efficiency differed among sites, ranging from 25 to 31 ovules and 24% to 72%, respectively. The number of scales (both sterile and fertile) increased with cone volume, but the proportion of fertile scales was independent of cone size. The maximum proportion of cones infested by E. mutata was 21%. On average, each larva destroyed >90% of the filled seeds from each cone, thus from a practical perspective, the proportion of T. canadensis seeds destroyed per site was equivalent to the proportion of seed cones infested. The proportion of cones infested by M. hoffmeyeri ranged from 9% to 40%, but the proportion of seeds destroyed per site (range: 1.1%–6.1%) was much lower than that of E. mutata. The maximum number of M. hoffmeyeri-infested seeds per cone was seven. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting cone traits of T. canadensis and the impact of E. mutata and M. hoffmeyeri.

Development of Model for Acoustic Noise Generated from Bedload in Rivers 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nasr ◽  
Thomas Geay ◽  
Sébastien Zanker ◽  
Recking Alain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Impact Rate ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
The Impact

<p>Quantifying bedload transport is important for many applications such as river management and hydraulic structures protection. Bedload flux measurements can be achieved using physical sampler methods. However, these methods are expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to operate during high discharge events. Besides, these methods do not permit to capture the spatial and temporal variability of bedload transport flux. Recently, alternative measuring technologies have been developed to continuously monitor bedload flux and grain size distribution using passive or active sensors. Among them, the hydrophone was used to monitor bedload transport by recording the sounds generated by bedload particles colliding on the river bed (referred as self-generated noise SGN). The acoustic power of SGN was correlated with bedload flux in field experiments. To better understand these experimental results and to estimate measurement uncertainties, we developed a theoretical model to simulate the SGN. The model computes an estimation of the power spectral density (PSD)by considering the contribution of all signals generated by impacts between bedload particles and the riverbed, and accounting for the attenuation of the acoustic signal between the source and the hydrophone position due to river propagation effects,. In this model, we</p><p>The energy of acoustic noise generated from the collision between two particles is mainly dependent on the transported particles' diameter and the impact velocity. We tested different empirical formulas for the estimation of the number of impact (impact rate) and the impact velocity depending on particle size and hydraulic conditions. To characterize the acoustic power losses as a function of distance and frequency, we used an attenuation function which was experimentally calibrated for different French rivers.</p><p>We tested the model on a field dataset comprising acoustic and bedload flux measurements. The results indicate that the PSD model allows estimating acoustic power (in between a range of one order of magnitude) for most of the rivers considered.  The model sensitivity was evaluated. In particular, we observed that it is very sensitive to the empirical formulas used to determine the impact rate and impact speed. In addition, special attention should be kept in mind on the assumption of the grain size distribution of riverbed which can generate large variability in some rivers particularly in rivers with a significant sand fraction.</p>

scholarly journals Performance analysis of the thermoacoustic refrigerator with the standing wave and air as a working fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kajurek ◽  
Artur Rusowicz
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Resonator Length ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermoacoustic Refrigerator

Thermoacoustic refrigerator is a new and emerging technology capable of transporting heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature source by utilizing the acoustic power input. These devices, operating without hazardous refrigerants and owning no moving components, show advantages of high reliability and environmental friendliness. However, simple to fabricate, the designing of thermoacoustic refrigerators is very challenging. This paper illustrates the impact of significant factors on the performance of the thermoacoustic refrigerator which was measured in terms of the temperature difference generated across the stack ends. The experimental device driven by a commercial loudspeaker and air at atmospheric pressure as a working fluid was examined under various resonator length and operating frequencies. The results indicate that appropriate resonator’s length and operating frequency lead to an increase in the temperature difference created across the stack. The maximum values were achieved for operating frequency equalled to 200 and 300 Hz whereas resonator length corresponded to the half-length of the acoustic wave for these frequencies. The results of experiment also confirm that relationship between these parameters is strongly affected by the stack spacing, which in this research was equalled to 0.4 mm.

scholarly journals First Report of Apricot vein clearing-associated virus (AVCaV) infecting Prunus domestica revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Tahzima ◽  
Radouane Qessaoui ◽  
Yoika Foucart ◽  
Sebastian Massart ◽  
Kris De Jonghe
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Replicase Gene ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
The Impact

Plum (Prunus domestica L., Rosaceae) trees, like many stone fruit trees, are known to be infected by numerous plant viruses, predominantly as consequence of their clonal mode of propagation and perennial cultivation (Jelkmann and Eastwell, 2011). Apricot vein clearing-associated virus (AVCaV) is a member of the genus Prunevirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. AVCaV was first reported in Italy infecting apricot (P. armeniaca L.) associated with foliar vein clearing symptoms (Elbeaino et al. 2014). It has also been detected in various Prunus species, like plum, Japanese plum (P. salicina L.), sour cherry (P. cerasus L.), and Japanese apricot (P. mume L.), apricot and peach (P. persica L.) sourced from Asian and European countries (Marais et al. 2015), as well as in the ornamental Myrobolan plum (P. cerasifera L.) in Australia (Kinoti et al. 2017). In 2018, during the vegetative season, a survey was carried out in two different apricot and plum orchards in the southern region of Agdez (Agadir, Morocco) where stone fruit trees are grown. Five branches with leaves were sampled from three apricot and three plum trees of unknown cultivars, all asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from 100 mg plant tissue (leaves and cambial scrapping) using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and separate samples (one per species) were used for library preparation (NEBNext Ultra RNA library kit; New England BioLabs, MA, USA), and sequencing (Illumina NextSeq v2, totRNA sequencing) at Admera Health (New Jersey, USA). All generated reads (6,756,881) from the plum sample were quality filtered and submitted to the VirusDetect pipeline (Zheng et al., 2017). The plum cDNA library, a total of 20 viral contigs (68-1928 bp) mapped to several AVCaV accessions in GenBank. A reference mapping (CLC Genomics Workbench 12, Qiagen, Denmark) was conducted against all four available AVCaV full genomes (KM507062-63, KY132099 and HG008921), revealing 100% coverage of the full sequence (8358 nt) with 97-98 % nucleotide (nt) identities (BLASTn). Analysis of the derived sequences allowed to identify the location of the four predicted ORFs i.e. (ORF1: 6066 nt/2,021 aa), (ORF2: 1383 nt/460 aa), (ORF3: 666 nt/221 aa) and (ORF4: 420 nt/139 aa), previously described for the AVCaV genome (Elbeaino et al. 2014). The amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins of AVCaV isolate from Morocco also shared 97-98% identities with the corresponding sequences of complete genome AVCaV isolates in GenBank. To confirm the detection of AVCaV in the three plum samples, specific RT-PCR primers (VC37657s: 5’-CCATAGCCACCCTTTTTCAA-3’ / VC28239a: 5’-GTCGTCAAGGGTCCAGTGAT-3’) (Elbeaino et al. 2014) were used and the expected 330 bp fragment from the replicase gene was amplified in all three samples and subsequently sequenced (MT980794-96). Sanger sequences were 100% identical to corresponding HTS derived sequence. This is the first report of AVCaV infecting plum in Africa. The incidence of AVCaV in Moroccan Prunus species is unknown. Plum trees from the surveyed orchards were also confirmed to be co-infected with little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) using HTS. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of AVCaV on these asymptomatic plum trees and other stone fruits species.

scholarly journals Near-Monodisperse Ni−Cu Bimetallic Nanocrystals of Variable Composition: Controlled Synthesis and Catalytic Activity for H2 Generation

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (32) ◽  
pp. 12092-12095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Zhang ◽  
Wenyu Huang ◽  
Susan E. Habas ◽  
John N. Kuhn ◽  
Michael E. Grass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
H2 Generation ◽  
Bimetallic Nanocrystals

scholarly journals First Report of Garlic common latent virus Infecting Garlic in Sudan

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamed ◽  
W. Menzel ◽  
M. E. Mohamed ◽  
K. A. Bakheet ◽  
S. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
First Report ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
The Impact

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable field crops in Sudan, cultivated on an area of more than 6,000 ha with a total yield of 27,000 t in 2010 (faostat.fao.org). As part of a project which started in 2010 to improve the garlic production in Sudan, samples from local varieties showing severe mosaic and/or mottling were collected in winter 2011 from the main production areas in River Nile State, Northern State, and Darfur State. The plant material used for garlic production came from Sudan and was not imported. Because no reliable data were available on which viruses occur in garlic in Sudan, specific tests were initially omitted. In order to get an overview of the viruses present, dsRNA was prepared of a mixed leaf sample (12 leaves of different samples). This resulted in a high molecular weight dsRNA of approximately 9 kbp that served as template for a random RT-PCR followed by cloning and sequencing (3). Three identical clones originating from one PCR product covering the C-terminal part of the coat protein to the N-terminal part of the nucleic acid binding protein showed the highest sequence similarity to Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV). The nucleotide sequence identities of the 554-bp insert range from 85% to an isolate from India (Accession No. FJ154841) up to 97% to a GarCLV isolate from The Netherlands (AB004804), identifying the virus as a Sudanese isolate of GarCLV, one of the most common garlic infecting viruses. GarCLV belongs to the genus Carlavirus (1) and has previously been reported from Asia, Europe, and South America ( http://sdb.im.ac.cn/vide/descr352.htm ). In order to confirm these results, a double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was performed with six individual garlic samples in which five samples showed a clear reaction with a GarCLV specific antiserum (AS-0230, DSMZ, Germany). The occurrence of GarCLV could be further confirmed for the ELISA positive samples by a specific RT-PCR using the primers published by Majumder and Baranwal (2). Fragments of the expected size were obtained for all five samples. In addition, one of the positive samples was examined by electron microscopy (Dr. K. Richert-Pöggeler, JKI Braunschweig); filamentous flexous particles typical for carlaviruses could be observed. The random RT-PCR sequence obtained in this study has been submitted to GenBank (KC013030). To our knowledge, this is the first report of GarCLV in garlic in Sudan and Africa. The impact of GarCLV on garlic production in Sudan needs to be evaluated, but the awareness of the occurrence of the virus and the availability of a reliable diagnostic tool will help to select virus-free propagation material. This will form the basis for a sustainable garlic production. References: (1) A. M. Q. King et al. Virus Taxonomy 924, 2012. (2) S. Majumder and V. K. Baranwal. Plant Dis. 93:106, 2009. (3) W. Menzel et al. Arch. Virol. 154:1343, 2009.

scholarly journals First Report of Maize streak virus Field Infection of Sugarcane in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. van Antwerpen ◽  
S. A. McFarlane ◽  
G. F. Buchanan ◽  
D. N. Shepherd ◽  
D. P. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The South ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Impact

Prior to the introduction of highly resistant sugarcane varieties, Sugarcane streak virus (SSV) caused serious sugar yield losses in southern Africa. Recently, sugarcane plants with streak symptoms have been identified across South Africa. Unlike the characteristic fine stippling and streaking of SSV, the symptoms resembled the broader, elongated chlorotic lesions commonly observed in wild grasses infected with the related Maize streak virus (MSV). Importantly, these symptoms have been reported on a newly released South African sugarcane cultivar, N44 (resistant to SSV). Following a first report from southern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa in February 2006, a survey in May 2007 identified numerous plants with identical symptoms in fields of cvs. N44, N27, and N36 across the entire South African sugarcane-growing region. Between 0.04 and 1.6% of the plants in infected fields had streak symptoms. Wild grass species with similar streaking symptoms were observed adjacent to one of these fields. Potted stalks collected from infected N44 plants germinated in a glasshouse exhibited streak symptoms within 10 days. Virus genomes were isolated and sequenced from a symptomatic N44 and Urochloa plantaginea plants collected from one of the surveyed fields (1). Phylogenetic analysis determined that while viruses from both plants closely resembled the South African maize-adapted MSV strain, MSV-A4 (>98.5% genome-wide sequence identity), they were only very distantly related to SSV (~65% identity; MSV-Sasri_S: EU152254; MSV-Sasri_G: EU152255). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of maize-adapted MSV variants in sugarcane. In the 1980s, “MSV strains” were serologically identified in sugarcane plants exhibiting streak symptoms in Reunion and Mauritius, but these were not genetically characterized (2,3). There have been no subsequent reports on the impact of such MSV infections on sugarcane cultivation on these islands. Also, at least five MSV strains have now been described, only one of which, MSV-A, causes significant disease in maize and it is unknown which strain was responsible for sugarcane diseases on these islands in the 1980s (2,3). MSV-A infections could have serious implications for the South African sugar industry. Besides yield losses in infected plants due to stunting and reduced photosynthesis, the virus could be considerably more difficult to control than it is in maize because sugarcane is vegetatively propagated and individual plants remain within fields for years rather than months. Moreover, there is a large MSV-A reservoir in maize and other grasses everywhere sugarcane is grown in southern Africa. References: (1) B. E. Owor et al. J Virol. Methods 140:100, 2007. (2) M. S. Pinner and P. G. Markham. J. Gen. Virol. 71:1635, 1990. (3) M. S. Pinner et al. Plant Pathol. 37:74, 1998.

The impact of charge state on catalytic activity of metallic nanostructures

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Kozhevin ◽  
D. A. Yavsin ◽  
M. A. Zabelin ◽  
Serguei A. Gurevich ◽  
Irina N. Yassievich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Metallic Nanostructures ◽  
The Impact
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