scholarly journals Vesicle-based artificial cells: Materials, construction methods and applications

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Giulia Allegri ◽  
Jurriaan Huskens
Keyword(s):  
Origins Of Life ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Natural Cell

The construction of artificial cells with specific cell-mimicking functions helps to explore complex biological processes and cell functions in natural cell systems, and provides insight into the origins of life....

The Selectivity of Effectiveness of Cytostatic Agents

1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
H. Gerhartz ◽  
K. E. Hampel
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Cytostatic Agent ◽  
Cytostatic Agents ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThe selectivity of cytostatic action depends of the following factors:a) the compound, its mode of action, the applied dosage, the localization and the speed of activation, its metabolites and excretion;b) the sensitivity or resistance of the proliferated tissue;c) the individual general condition of the patient, the degree of malnutrition, the integrity of defense mechanisms and the ability of detoxication and the regenerative capacity of hemopoiesis.The action of cytostatic agents directed against specific cell functions of different cell systems develops distinct differences in clinical effects and toxicity among alkylating agents, antimetabolites and mitotic inhibitors. Comparative data of these compounds are given. Due to its selectivity of action each cytostatic agent possesses a specific optimal indication in hemoblastoses, neoplasias or immune reactions.

An Insight into Oligopeptide Transporter 3 (OPT3) family proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fırat Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Oligopeptide Transporter ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Proteins Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

: Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) proteins are one of the subsets of OPT clade, yet little is known about these transporters. Therefore, homolog OPT3 proteins in several plant species were investigated and characterized using bioinformatical tools. Motif and co-expression analyses showed that OPT3 proteins may be involved in both biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as growth and developmental processes. AtOPT3 usually seemed to take part in Fe homeostasis whereas ZmOPT3 putatively interacted with proteins involved in various biological processes from plant defense system to stress responses. Glutathione (GSH), as a putative alternative chelating agent, was used in the AtOPT3 and ZmOPT3 docking analyses to identify their putative binding residues. The information given in this study will contribute to the understanding of OPT3 proteins’ interactions in various pathways and to the selection of potential ligands for OPT3s.

Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Yong Lee ◽  
In-Sun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Functions

Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.

scholarly journals Analysis of the transcriptome of bovine endometrial cells isolated by laser micro-dissection (1): specific signatures of stromal, glandular and luminal epithelial cells

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiruntita Chankeaw ◽  
Sandra Lignier ◽  
Christophe Richard ◽  
Theodoros Ntallaris ◽  
Mariam Raliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Endometrial Cells

Abstract Background A number of studies have examined mRNA expression profiles of bovine endometrium at estrus and around the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, to date, these studies have been performed on the whole endometrium which is a complex tissue. Consequently, the knowledge of cell-specific gene expression, when analysis performed with whole endometrium, is still weak and obviously limits the relevance of the results of gene expression studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize specific transcriptome of the three main cell-types of the bovine endometrium at day-15 of the estrus cycle. Results In the RNA-Seq analysis, the number of expressed genes detected over 10 transcripts per million was 6622, 7814 and 8242 for LE, GE and ST respectively. ST expressed exclusively 1236 genes while only 551 transcripts were specific to the GE and 330 specific to LE. For ST, over-represented biological processes included many regulation processes and response to stimulus, cell communication and cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization as well as developmental process. For GE, cilium organization, cilium movement, protein localization to cilium and microtubule-based process were the only four main biological processes enriched. For LE, over-represented biological processes were enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway, cell-substrate adhesion and circulatory system process. Conclusion The data show that each endometrial cell-type has a distinct molecular signature and provide a significantly improved overview on the biological process supported by specific cell-types. The most interesting result is that stromal cells express more genes than the two epithelial types and are associated with a greater number of pathways and ontology terms.

Large scale gene regulatory network inference with a multi-level strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Zongli Lin ◽  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Gene Regulatory Network Inference ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Transcriptional regulation is a basis of many crucial molecular processes and an accurate inference of the gene regulatory network is a helpful and essential task to understand cell functions and gain insights into biological processes of interest in systems biology.

scholarly journals Minireview: The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Puberty: Is the Time Ripe for a Systems Biology Approach?

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Ojeda ◽  
Alejandro Lomniczi ◽  
Claudio Mastronardi ◽  
Sabine Heger ◽  
Christian Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Analysis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Gnrh Secretion ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Cell Cell

The initiation of mammalian puberty requires an increase in pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. This increase is brought about by coordinated changes in transsynaptic and glial-neuronal communication. As the neuronal and glial excitatory inputs to the GnRH neuronal network increase, the transsynaptic inhibitory tone decreases, leading to the pubertal activation of GnRH secretion. The excitatory neuronal systems most prevalently involved in this process use glutamate and the peptide kisspeptin for neurotransmission/neuromodulation, whereas the most important inhibitory inputs are provided by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and opiatergic neurons. Glial cells, on the other hand, facilitate GnRH secretion via growth factor-dependent cell-cell signaling. Coordination of this regulatory neuronal-glial network may require a hierarchical arrangement. One level of coordination appears to be provided by a host of unrelated genes encoding proteins required for cell-cell communication. A second, but overlapping, level might be provided by a second tier of genes engaged in specific cell functions required for productive cell-cell interaction. A third and higher level of control involves the transcriptional regulation of these subordinate genes by a handful of upper echelon genes that, operating within the different neuronal and glial subsets required for the initiation of the pubertal process, sustain the functional integration of the network. The existence of functionally connected genes controlling the pubertal process is consistent with the concept that puberty is under genetic control and that the genetic underpinnings of both normal and deranged puberty are polygenic rather than specified by a single gene. The availability of improved high-throughput techniques and computational methods for global analysis of mRNAs and proteins will allow us to not only initiate the systematic identification of the different components of this neuroendocrine network but also to define their functional interactions.

scholarly journals Studying and modulating schizophrenia-associated dysfunctions of oligodendrocytes with patient-specific cell systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian J. Raabe ◽  
Sabrina Galinski ◽  
Sergi Papiol ◽  
Peter G. Falkai ◽  
Andrea Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Specific ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Systems

scholarly journals Oxidative stress: a common denominator in every pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
PA De Valdoleiros
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Insight Into

As medical doctors, we are expected to be the champions of health and the slayers of disease. Essential to the success of this battle is an understanding of, and insight into, the chemistry that allows you the opportunity of reading this article. It is not sufficient to name the parts. It is imperative that we understand how the parts work, the processes that lead to malfunctions, and how these malfunctions appear as signs and symptoms to which we eventually give a label. We have concentrated on the results of biological processes gone awry. It is time to deal with the causes.

scholarly journals Dynamics Studies of DNA with Non-canonical Structure Using NMR Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Im Oh ◽  
Jinwoo Kim ◽  
Chin-Ju Park ◽  
Joon-Hwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Conformational Exchange ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dynamic Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Insight Into

The non-canonical structures of nucleic acids are essential for their diverse functions during various biological processes. These non-canonical structures can undergo conformational exchange among multiple structural states. Data on their dynamics can illustrate conformational transitions that play important roles in folding, stability, and biological function. Here, we discuss several examples of the non-canonical structures of DNA focusing on their dynamic characterization by NMR spectroscopy: (1) G-quadruplex structures and their complexes with target proteins; (2) i-motif structures and their complexes with proteins; (3) triplex structures; (4) left-handed Z-DNAs and their complexes with various Z-DNA binding proteins. This review provides insight into how the dynamic features of non-canonical DNA structures contribute to essential biological processes.

scholarly journals Potency of Fish Collagen as a Scaffold for Regenerative Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuka Yamada ◽  
Kohei Yamamoto ◽  
Takeshi Ikeda ◽  
Kajiro Yanagiguchi ◽  
Yoshihiko Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Collagen Molecule ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Rgd Motif ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Fish Collagen

Cells, growth factors, and scaffold are the crucial factors for tissue engineering. Recently, scaffolds consisting of natural polymers, such as collagen and gelatin, bioabsorbable synthetic polymers, such as polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, and inorganic materials, such as hydroxyapatite, as well as composite materials have been rapidly developed. In particular, collagen is the most promising material for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen contains specific cell adhesion domains, including the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif. After the integrin receptor on the cell surface binds to the RGD motif on the collagen molecule, cell adhesion is actively induced. This interaction contributes to the promotion of cell growth and differentiation and the regulation of various cell functions. However, it is difficult to use a pure collagen scaffold as a tissue engineering material due to its low mechanical strength. In order to make up for this disadvantage, collagen scaffolds are often modified using a cross-linker, such as gamma irradiation and carbodiimide. Taking into account the possibility of zoonosis, a variety of recent reports have been documented using fish collagen scaffolds. We herein review the potency of fish collagen scaffolds as well as associated problems to be addressed for use in regenerative medicine.

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