scholarly journals Single wavelength colour tuning of spiropyran and dithienylethene based photochromic coatings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Feringa ◽  
Harmke S. Siebe ◽  
W. J. Niels Klement ◽  
Jorn D. Steen ◽  
Wesley R. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Colour Tuning

A multilayer coating, with a different photochrome in each layer, enables predictable control over transmission and colour with a single wavelength of light, which is an important goal in functional optical materials and devices.

Structural/Property Relationships for Optical Materials

1993 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien D.
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Crystal Field Strength ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractIn this paper the relationships between the crystal structure, chemical composition and electronic structure of laser materials, and their optical properties are discussed. A brief description is given of the different laser activators and of the influence of the matrix on laser characteristics in terms of crystal field strength, symmetry, covalency and phonon frequencies. The last part of the paper lays emphasis on the means to optimize the matrix-activator properties such as control of the oxidation state and site occupancy of the activator and influence of its concentration.

Stereodivergent Alkyne Hydrofluorination Using a Simple Practical Reagent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Xiaotian Qi ◽  
Hengye Xiang ◽  
Paul Geaneoates ◽  
Ruihan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Formation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dft Studies ◽  
Thermodynamic Control ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Vinyl Cation ◽  
E And Z Isomers ◽  
Vinyl Fluorides

Vinyl fluorides play an important role in drug development as they serve as bioisosteres for peptide bonds and are found in a range of biologically active molecules. The discovery of safe, general and practical procedures to prepare vinyl fluorides remains an important goal and challenge for synthetic chemistry. Here we introduce an inexpensive and easily-handled reagent and report simple, scalable, and metal-free protocols for the regioselective and stereodivergent hydrofluorination of alkynes to access both the E and Z isomers of vinyl fluorides. These conditions were suitable for a diverse collection of alkynes, including several highly-functionalized pharmaceutical derivatives. Mechanistic and DFT studies support C–F bond formation through a vinyl cation intermediate, with the (E)- and (Z)-hydrofluorination products forming under kinetic and thermodynamic control, respectively.<br>

CYBERBULLYING PADA MEDIA SOSIAL: Menyoroti Perilaku Cyberbullying Menurut Perspektif Model Konseling Realitas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darimis Darimis Darimis
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Counseling Model ◽  
Real Responsibility

Use of the Internet has changed the paradigm of human beings communicate with one another, especially on social media. Indonesia as one of the highest in the world Facebook users make significant consequences specifically for teenagers. The trend using Facebook by teenagers has created negative impacts that is the rise of cyberbullying.Cyberbullying can significantly influence the lives of teenagers and it can be a huge burden as it can happen for a long period of time. In cyberbullying, there are cyber bullies and cyber victims as individuals involved to make the message as a reference the behavior of cyberbullying. This paper attempts to looking at the perspective of the cyberbullying behavior by reality counseling model, because reality counseling as one of the models of counseling that focuses on behavior now unrealistic and dysfunctional.Reality counseling based on the choice theory, counselee make more effective choices about the development of relational satisfactory with others. The most important goal of therapy is to make people aware of the reality that the real responsibility for her behavior was himself. This counseling can helping the individual reality of cyberbullying offenders realize the consequences of his behavior, responsible, develop positive social relationships through the application procedure techniques WDEP and techniques reality Counseling.

konsep administrasi pendidikan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwin Vauzia
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Education Administration ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Purpose Of Education ◽  
Basic Concepts

This article was written to explain the concept of educational administration in particular the understanding, importance and purpose of educational administration. The purpose of the article is made to inform about the notion of educational administration, the importance of educational administration and the purpose of educational administration. It is important that we know the education administration in order to be able to implement the knowledge gained as educators later. The technique used in making this article is by collecting data related to material sourced from books, article journals, and other sources related to the science of basic concepts of educational administration and analyzing the material with the literature method which aims to help find truth from the material discussed. Administration is an educational institution which is a main source of management in regulating the teaching and learning process in an orderly manner so that the most important goal is achieved at the educational institution, where the purpose of education administration itself is to provide systematic work in managing education so that educational operational tasks can be carried out effective and efficiency towards the goals or objectives that have been set.

Topics in Optical Materials and Device Research - III. Volume 2.

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Barrett ◽  
R. Marshall ◽  
C. Warde ◽  
J. Caulfield ◽  
M. M. Salour
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Device Research
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