scholarly journals Peristaltic on-chip pump for tunable media circulation and whole blood perfusion in PDMS-free organ-on-chip and organ-disc systems

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schneider ◽  
Marvin Bubeck ◽  
Julia Rogal ◽  
Huub Weener ◽  
Cristhian Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
On Chip

Organ-on-Chip (OoC) systems have become a promising tool for personalized medicine and drug development with advantages over conventional animal models and cell assays. However, the utility of OoCs in industrial...

scholarly journals Neuromuscular disease modeling on a chip

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. dmm044867
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Santoso ◽  
Megan L. McCain
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
On Chip

ABSTRACTOrgans-on-chips are broadly defined as microfabricated surfaces or devices designed to engineer cells into microscale tissues with native-like features and then extract physiologically relevant readouts at scale. Because they are generally compatible with patient-derived cells, these technologies can address many of the human relevance limitations of animal models. As a result, organs-on-chips have emerged as a promising new paradigm for patient-specific disease modeling and drug development. Because neuromuscular diseases span a broad range of rare conditions with diverse etiology and complex pathophysiology, they have been especially challenging to model in animals and thus are well suited for organ-on-chip approaches. In this Review, we first briefly summarize the challenges in neuromuscular disease modeling with animal models. Next, we describe a variety of existing organ-on-chip approaches for neuromuscular tissues, including a survey of cell sources for both muscle and nerve, and two- and three-dimensional neuromuscular tissue-engineering techniques. Although researchers have made tremendous advances in modeling neuromuscular diseases on a chip, the remaining challenges in cell sourcing, cell maturity, tissue assembly and readout capabilities limit their integration into the drug development pipeline today. However, as the field advances, models of healthy and diseased neuromuscular tissues on a chip, coupled with animal models, have vast potential as complementary tools for modeling multiple aspects of neuromuscular diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies.

Bioengineered in vitro Vascular Models for Applications in Interventional Radiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
pp. 5367-5374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Seyed M. Moosavi-Basri ◽  
Rahul Sheth ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Yu S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Vascular Structures

The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions. Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.

scholarly journals The Role of Network Science in Glioblastoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Marta B. Lopes ◽  
Eduarda P. Martins ◽  
Susana Vinga ◽  
Bruno M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Network Discovery ◽  
Software Implementations

Network science has long been recognized as a well-established discipline across many biological domains. In the particular case of cancer genomics, network discovery is challenged by the multitude of available high-dimensional heterogeneous views of data. Glioblastoma (GBM) is an example of such a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be tackled by network science. Identifying the architecture of molecular GBM networks is essential to understanding the information flow and better informing drug development and pre-clinical studies. Here, we review network-based strategies that have been used in the study of GBM, along with the available software implementations for reproducibility and further testing on newly coming datasets. Promising results have been obtained from both bulk and single-cell GBM data, placing network discovery at the forefront of developing a molecularly-informed-based personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Pretreatment Brain Connectome Fingerprint Predicts Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 247054702098472
Author(s):  
Siyan Fan ◽  
Samaneh Nemati ◽  
Teddy J. Akiki ◽  
Jeremy Roscoe ◽  
Christopher L. Averill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Percent Improvement

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment is characterized by low remission rate and often involves weeks to months of treatment. Identification of pretreatment biomarkers of response may play a critical role in novel drug development, in enhanced prognostic predictions, and perhaps in providing more personalized medicine. Using a network restricted strength predictive modeling (NRS-PM) approach, the goal of the current study was to identify pretreatment functional connectome fingerprints (CFPs) that (1) predict symptom improvement regardless of treatment modality and (2) predict treatment specific improvement. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral data from unmedicated patients with MDD (n = 200) were investigated. Participants were randomized to daily treatment of sertraline or placebo for 8 weeks. NRS-PM with 1000 iterations of 10 cross-validation were implemented to identify brain connectivity signatures that predict percent improvement in depression severity at week-8. Results The study identified a pretreatment CFP that significantly predicts symptom improvement independent of treatment modality but failed to identify a treatment specific CFP. Regardless of treatment modality, improved antidepressant response was predicted by high pretreatment connectivity between modules in the default mode network and the rest of the brain, but low external connectivity in the executive network. Moreover, high pretreatment internal nodal connectivity in the bilateral caudate predicted better response. Conclusions The identified CFP may contribute to drug development and ultimately to enhanced prognostic predictions. However, the results do not assist with providing personalized medicine, as pretreatment functional connectivity failed to predict treatment specific response.

Prolonged Lung Preservation at 24 Hours Using Donor Whole Blood Perfusion in the Organ Care System (OCS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. S283-S284
Author(s):  
G. Loor ◽  
B. Howard ◽  
T. Iles ◽  
L. Mattison ◽  
P. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Lung Preservation ◽  
Care System

A Microfluidic Platform for On-Chip Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Darabi ◽  
Joseph Schober
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Rare Cancer ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Chip Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Studies have shown that primary tumor sites begin shedding cancerous cells into peripheral blood at early stages of cancer, and the presence and frequency of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is directly proportional to disease progression. The challenge is that the concentration of the CTCs in peripheral blood may be extremely low. In the past few years, several microfluidic-based concepts have been investigated to isolate CTCs from whole blood. However, these devices are generally hampered by complex fabrication processes and very low volumetric throughputs, which may not be practical for rapid clinical applications. This paper presents a high-performance yet simple magnetophoretic microfluidic chip for the enrichment and on-chip analysis of rare CTCs from blood. Microscopic and flow cytometric assays developed for selection of cancer cell lines, selection of monoclonal antibodies, and optimization of bead coupling are discussed. Additionally, on-chip characterization of rare cancer cells using high resolution immunofluorescence microscopy and modeling results for prediction of CTC capture length are presented. The device has the ability to interface directly with on-chip pre and post processing modules such as mixing, incubation, and automated image analysis systems. These features will enable us to isolate rare cancer cells from whole blood and detect them on the chip with subcellular resolution.

An automated centrifugal microfluidic assay for whole blood fractionation and isolation of multiple cell populations using an aqueous two-phase system

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong-Ui Moon ◽  
Liviu Clime ◽  
Daniel Brassard ◽  
Alex Boutin ◽  
Jamal Daoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Separation Layers ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
On Chip

This paper describes an advanced on-chip whole human blood fractionation and cell isolation process combining an aqueous two-phase system to create complex separation layers with a centrifugal microfluidic platform to control and automate the assay.

scholarly journals High-throughput screening of large volumes of whole blood using structured illumination and fluorescent on-chip imaging

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Altay Arpali ◽  
Caglar Arpali ◽  
Ahmet F. Coskun ◽  
Hsin-Hao Chiang ◽  
Aydogan Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloidosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqing Ni
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
On Chip

Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in preclinical research, and have greatly enabled the mechanistic understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and the development of therapeutics. Comprehensive deep phenotyping of the pathophysiological and biochemical features in these animal models are essential. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the non-invasive visualization of the alterations in the brain of animal models as well as in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, These tools have facilitated our understanding of disease mechanisms, and provided longitudinal monitoring of treatment effect in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis. In this review, we focus on recent positron emission tomography studies of cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation, hypoglucose metabolism, synaptic and neurotransmitter receptor deficits (cholinergic and glutamatergic system), blood-brain barrier impairment and neuroinflammation (microgliosis and astrocytosis) in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis. We further propose the emerging targets and tracers for reflecting the pathophysiological changes, and discuss outstanding challenges in disease animal models and future outlook in on-chip characterization of imaging biomarkers towards clinical translation.

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