Acid Functionalized Hydrochar as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Solventless Synthesis of Biofuel Precursors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Chhabra ◽  
Prachi Dwivedi ◽  
Venkata Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fundamental Solutions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Solventless Synthesis

Synthesis of high density fuel precursors via hydroxyalkylation alkylation reaction is one of the fundamental solutions to the depletion of renewable energy resources. This research work examines the preparation of...

Energy Optimization and Power Stack Shed Reduction of Oil Depots by using Renewable Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Liaqat Bhatti ◽  
S. Raza ◽  
M. Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Continuous Power

Most of the industries including the oil sector are looking forward towards the renewable energy resources with proper energy management system (EMS) as it is the need of time. For this purpose, solar and wind energy are the renewable energy resources, which are obtained from natural resources and produce clean and environment -friendly electrical energy and can be used for oil depots. The proper utilization of solar and wind energy from natural resource may result in economical and cost-effective EMS. In the proposed research work, an effective energy management demonstration is delivered to ensure the ceaseless flexibility of power. Furthermore, reduction of production per unit cost to the oil sector industry by utilizing multiple objectives streamlining. In the proposed oil depot, connected loads are divided into Shiftable and Non-Shiftable loads and then apply Branch and Bound Algorithm (BnB) with binary integer linear programming (BILP). By using the BnB technique, selected shiftable loads are shifted to the low cost energy resource automatically and resultantly, we get the low price unit cost and continuous power supply. Simulation results for the above-mentioned research work are performed on MATLAB. The proposed technique helps to reduce the power stack shedding issue as well.

scholarly journals A New Robust Control Strategy for Parallel Operated Inverters in Green Energy Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Naji Alhasnawi ◽  
Basil H. Jasim ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid

This research work puts forward a hybrid AC/DC microgrid with renewable energy sources pertaining to consumer’s residential area for meeting the demand. Currently, the power generation and consumption have experienced key transformations. One such tendency would be integration of microgrids into the distribution network that is characterized by high penetration of renewable energy resources as well as operations in parallel. Traditional droop control can be employed in order to get an accurate steady state averaged active power sharing amongst parallel inverters pertaining to hybrid AC/DC microgrid. It is presumed that there would be similar transient average power responses, and there would be no circulating current flowing between the units for identical inverters possessing the same droop gain. However, the instantaneous power could be affected by different line impedances considerably and thus resulting in variation in circulating power that flows amongst inverters, especially during unexpected disturbances like load changes. This power, if absorbed by the inverter, could result in sudden DC-link voltage rise and trip the inverter, which in turn causes performance degradation of the entire hybrid microgrid. When the hybrid generators act as unidirectional power source, the issue worsens further. In this research work, we have put forward a new distributed coordinated control pertaining to hybrid microgrid, which can be applied for both grid connected and islanded modes that include variable loads and hybrid energy resources. Also, in order to choose the most effective controller scheme, a participation factor analysis has been designed for binding the DC-link voltage as well as reducing the circulating power. Moreover, to both photovoltaic stations and wind turbines, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been used in order to extract the maximum power from hybrid power system when there is discrepancy in environmental circumstances. Lastly, the feasibility and effectiveness pertaining to the introduced strategy for hybrid microgrid in various modes are confirmed via simulation results.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Biogas Powered Refrigerator for Dairy Farmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2502-2505
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration System ◽  
Energy Engineering

Biogas operated refrigeration system is being designed, fabricated and installed at Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur for a 40 L capacity based on absorption principle. Developed biogas operated absorption refrigeration system has advantages of silent operation, no moving part. Developed system utilizes any heat source and therefore can operate anywhere, without electric utility infrastructure. In the presented research work analysis was done to identify the losses so that the performance of the developed refrigeration system can be evaluated & renewable energy resources can be used more efficiently to power refrigerators based on absorption principle.

Renewable Energy Resources for Better Economics and Sustainable Living in Rural and Desert Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171
Author(s):  
Karl Gatterer ◽  
◽  
Salah Arafa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Sustainable Community Development ◽  
Access To Knowledge

Reliable and affordable energy is the key for the socio-economic development in rural and desert communities worldwide. While energy can be used for consumption purposes such as Lighting, Access to Information, Comfort and Entertainment, productive use of renewable energy is the key enabler for SMEs and Economy to grow. The paper examines the complex interactions among Energy, Materials, Water, Food, Building, Employment and Environment. It also discusses the implementation of renewable energy technologies to overcome some of barriers faced by rural villages and desert communities. It shows some of the special applications and approaches used over the past few decades in energy conversion, consumption and conservation to achieve poverty reduction, social justice and sustainable development. Field experiences in Basaisa projects, Egypt showed that open free dialogues with all stakeholders, site-specific education and training, appropriate local financing systems and access to knowledge are key-elements and essential factors for achieving green economy and sustainable community development. The coming decade will see a continued expansion of knowledge about renewable energy resources and its useful applications as systems friendly to the environment and as tools for economic activities, sustainable living and growth in rural and desert communities.

Management of Renewable Energy Resources in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Savitha C Savitha C ◽  
◽  
Dr. S. Mahendrakumar Dr. S. Mahendrakumar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

THE ANALYSIS OF OPERATION MODES OF ENERGY STORES IN AUTONOMOUS HYBRID POWER PLANTS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
S. G. Obukhov ◽  
I. A. Plotnikov ◽  
V. G. Masolov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Energy Store

The paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of operation modes of an autonomous hybrid power complex with/without the energy store. We offere the technique which defines the power characteristics of the main components of a hybrid power complex: the consumers of the electric power, wind power and photo-electric installations (the last ones have been constructed). The paper establishes that, in order to compensate the seasonal fluctuations of power in autonomous power systems with renewable energy resources, the accumulative devices are required, with a capacity of tens of MWh including devices that are capable to provide energy storage with duration about half a year. This allows abandoning the storage devices for smoothing the seasonal fluctuations in the energy balance.The analysis of operation modes of energy stores has shown that for a stock and delivery of energy on time intervals, lasting several hours, the accumulative devices with rather high values of charging and digit power aren't required. It allows using the lead-acid rechargeable batteries of the deep category for smoothing the daily peaks of surplus and a capacity shortage. Moreover, the analysis of operation modes of energy stores as a part of the hybrid complexes has demonstrated that in charging/digit currents of the energy store the low-frequency and high-frequency pulsations of big amplitude caused by changes of size of output power of the renewable power installations and loading are inevitable. If low-frequency pulsations (the period of tens of minutes) can partially be damped due to the restriction of size of the maximum charging current of rechargeable batteries, then it is essentially impossible to eliminate high-frequency pulsations (the period of tens of seconds) in the power systems with the only store of energy. The paper finds out that the combined energy store having characteristics of the accumulator in the modes of receiving and delivery of power on daily time intervals, and at the same time having properties of the supercondenser in the modes of reception and return of impulses of power on second intervals of time is best suited to requirements of the autonomous power complexes with renewable energy resources.

Assessment of bioenergy development potential in agricultural enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Iryna Hryhoruk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential

Exhaustion of traditional energy resources, their uneven geographical location, and catastrophic changes in the environment necessitate the transition to renewable energy resources. Moreover, Ukraine's economy is critically dependent on energy exports, and in some cases, the dependence is not only economic but also political, which in itself poses a threat to national security. One of the ways to solve this problem is the large-scale introduction and use of renewable energy resources, bioenergy in particular. The article summarizes and offers methods for assessing the energy potential of agriculture. In our country, a significant amount of biomass is produced every year, which remains unused. A significant part is disposed of due to incineration, which significantly harms the environment and does not allow earning additional funds. It is investigated that the bioenergy potential of agriculture depends on the geographical distribution and varies in each region of Ukraine. Studies have shown that as of 2019 the smallest share in the total amount of conventional fuel that can be obtained from agricultural waste and products suitable for energy production accounts for Zakarpattya region - 172.5 thousand tons. (0.5% of the total) and Chernivtsi region - 291.3 thousand tons. (0.9%). Poltava region has the greatest potential - 2652.2 thousand tons. (7.8%) and Vinnytsia - 2623.7 thousand tons. (7.7%). It should be noted that the use of the energy potential of biomass in Ukraine can be called unsatisfactory. The share of biomass in the provision of primary energy consumption is very small. For bioenergy to occupy its niche in the general structure of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for its stimulation. In addition, an effective strategy for the development of the bioenergy sector of agriculture is needed. The article considers the general energy potential of agriculture, its indicative structure. The analysis is also made in terms of areas. In addition, an economic assessment of the possible use of existing potential is identified.

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