Progress in marine derived renewable functional materials and biochar for sustainable water purification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Manohara ◽  
Sooraj S Nayak ◽  
Gregory Franklin ◽  
Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj ◽  
Dibyendu Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Global Water

Global water scarcity is increasing day-by-day due to population explosion, urbanization and rapid industrialization. Inevitably, surface water is widely contaminated by various hazardous geogenic organic and inorganic contaminants, also from...

scholarly journals Global water scarcity including surface water quality and expansions of clean water technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 024020
Author(s):  
Michelle T H van Vliet ◽  
Edward R Jones ◽  
Martina Flörke ◽  
Wietse H P Franssen ◽  
Naota Hanasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Global Water

scholarly journals Iron Based Core-Shell Structures as Versatile Materials: Magnetic Support and Solid Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Christian Zambrzycki ◽  
Runbang Shao ◽  
Archismita Misra ◽  
Carsten Streb ◽  
Ulrich Herr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Shell Nanostructures ◽  
Sio2 Shell ◽  
Iron Based

Core-shell materials are promising functional materials for fundamental research and industrial application, as their properties can be adapted for specific applications. In particular, particles featuring iron or iron oxide as core material are relevant since they combine magnetic and catalytic properties. The addition of an SiO2 shell around the core particles introduces additional design aspects, such as a pore structure and surface functionalization. Herein, we describe the synthesis and application of iron-based core-shell nanoparticles for two different fields of research that is heterogeneous catalysis and water purification. The iron-based core shell materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, as well as N2-physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer measurements in order to correlate their properties with the performance in the target applications. Investigations of these materials in CO2 hydrogenation and water purification show their versatility and applicability in different fields of research and application, after suitable individual functionalization of the core-shell precursor. For design and application of magnetically separable particles, the SiO2 shell is surface-functionalized with an ionic liquid in order to bind water pollutants selectively. The core requires no functionalization, as it provides suitable magnetic properties in the as-made state. For catalytic application in synthesis gas reactions, the SiO2-stabilized core nanoparticles are reductively functionalized to provide the catalytically active metallic iron sites. Therefore, Fe@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures are shown to provide platform materials for various fields of application, after a specific functionalization.

Pollutant removal mechanisms in a bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor for micro-polluted surface water purification

Desalination ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaqiang Chu ◽  
Bingzhi Dong ◽  
Yalei Zhang ◽  
Xuefei Zhou ◽  
Zhenxun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Dynamic Membrane ◽  
Removal Mechanisms

Enhanced Water Purification via Redox Interfaces Created by an Atomic Layer Deposition Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Huang ◽  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Alaa El Din Mahmoud ◽  
Shuangxi Li ◽  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Layer Deposition

The crisis of water scarcity has become one of the most urgent issues to be settled. It is still a challenge to develop a highly efficient water purification technology. In...

Enhancement of Efficiency of the Ural Region Surface Water Sources Water Treatment in Terms of Metal Ions and their Compounds

2012 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Water Hydrogen ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Sorption characteristics of “Ekozol-401” high-dispersed solid-phase agent in water solutions containing ions of iron, aluminum and manganese have been studied. Influence of the sorbent content, extracted metals’ concentration, saline background, hardness and alkalinity, water hydrogen indicator value as well as amount of modifier contained in the solid-phase agent have been stated. High degree of water purification in terms of the said ions has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2859-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hejazi ◽  
J. Edmonds ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
P. Kyle ◽  
E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Global Water ◽  
Mitigation Policies

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and three climate policy scenarios with increasing mitigation stringency of 7.7, 5.5, and 4.2 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A2, B2, and B1 emission scenarios, respectively), we investigate the effects of emission mitigation policies on water scarcity. Two carbon tax regimes (a universal carbon tax (UCT) which includes land use change emissions, and a fossil fuel and industrial emissions carbon tax (FFICT) which excludes land use change emissions) are analyzed. The baseline scenario results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095, 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively, is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). When comparing the climate policy scenarios to the baseline scenario while maintaining the same baseline socioeconomic assumptions, water scarcity declines under a UCT mitigation policy but increases with a FFICT mitigation scenario by the year 2095, particularly with more stringent climate mitigation targets. Under the FFICT scenario, water scarcity is projected to increase, driven by higher water demands for bio-energy crops.

Global water scarcity assessment incorporating green water in crop production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Liu ◽  
Xingcai Liu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Yoshihide Wada
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Global Water

scholarly journals Construction of the Long-Term Global Surface Water Extent Dataset Based on Water-NDVI Spatio-Temporal Parameter Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Qianqian Han ◽  
Zhenguo Niu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Temporal Parameter ◽  
Modis Ndvi ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Water Index ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Global Water

Inland surface water is highly dynamic, seasonally and inter-annually, limiting the representativity of the water coverage information that is usually obtained at any single date. The long-term dynamic water extent products with high spatial and temporal resolution are particularly important to analyze the surface water change but unavailable up to now. In this paper, we construct a global water Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) spatio-temporal parameter set based on the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI. Employing the Google Earth Engine, we construct a new Global Surface Water Extent Dataset (GSWED) with coverage from 2000 to 2018, having an eight-day temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 250 m. The results show that: (1) the MODIS NDVI-based surface water mapping has better performance compared to other water extraction methods, such as the normalized difference water index, the modified normalized difference water index, and the OTSU (maximal between-cluster variance method). In addition, the water-NDVI spatio-temporal parameter set can be used to update surface water extent datasets after 2018 as soon as the MODIS data are updated. (2) We validated the GSWED using random water samples from the Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset and achieved an overall accuracy of 96% with a kappa coefficient of 0.9. The producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy were 97% and 90%, respectively. The validated comparisons in four regions (Qinghai Lake, Selin Co Lake, Utah Lake, and Dead Sea) show a good consistency with a correlation value of above 0.9. (3) The maximum global water area reached 2.41 million km2 between 2000 and 2018, and the global water showed a decreasing trend with a significance of P = 0.0898. (4) Analysis of different types of water area change regions (Selin Co Lake, Urmia Lake, Aral Sea, Chiquita Lake, and Dongting Lake) showed that the GSWED can not only identify the seasonal changes of the surface water area and abrupt changes of hydrological events but also reflect the long-term trend of the water changes. In addition, GSWED has better performance in wetland areas and shallow areas. The GSWED can be used for regional studies and global studies of hydrology, biogeochemistry, and climate models.

Global Water Scarcity in Relation to the International Energy Trade of Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Okadera ◽  
Winai Chaowiwat ◽  
Surajate Boonya-aroonnet ◽  
Danutawat Tipayarom ◽  
Wilasinee Yoochatchaval
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Global Water
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