A vapor thermal approach to selectively recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayi Yin ◽  
Xin Qu ◽  
Muya Cai ◽  
Beilei Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Economic Approach

Minimizing energy consumption, the amount of chemicals, and secondary wastes is key to achieving a techno-economic approach for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a vapor thermal reduction...

scholarly journals An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jianwen Cao ◽  
Bizhong Xia ◽  
Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Generalized Predictive Control ◽  
Variable Step Size ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Variable Step ◽  
Equalization Method

The inconsistency in large-scale battery pack significantly degrades the performance of electric vehicles. In order to diminish the inconsistency, the study designs an active equalization method comprising of equalizer and equalization strategy for lithium-ion batteries. A bidirectional flyback transformer equalizer (BFTE) is designed and analyzed. The BFTE is controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller to output designated balancing currents. Under the purpose of shortening equalization time and reducing energy consumption during the equalization process, this paper proposes an equalization strategy based on variable step size generalized predictive control (VSSGPC). The VSSGPC is improved on the generalized predictive control (GPC) by introducing the Step Size Factor. The VSSGPC surmounts the local limitation of GPC by expanding the control and output horizons to the global equalization process without increasing computation owing to the Step Size Factor. The experiment results in static operating condition indicate that the equalization time and energy consumption are reduced by 8.3% and 16.5%, respectively. Further validation in CC-CV and EUDC operating conditions verifies the performance of the equalizer and rationality of the VSSGPC strategy.

Ethanol thermal reduction synthesis of hierarchical MoO2–C hollow spheres with high rate performance for lithium ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (107) ◽  
pp. 105558-105564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxing Zeng ◽  
Xiaoxia Huang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Renpin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
High Rate Performance

Hierarchical MoO2–C hollow spheres were initially synthesized, which exhibited large reversible capacity and excellent high rate performance for lithium-ion batteries.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Management of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Concerning the Entire Lifespan of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Chen ◽  
Jiahuan Lu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Shijie Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Optimal Energy Management ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The performance of lithium-ion batteries will inevitably degrade during the high frequently charging/discharging load applied in electric vehicles. For hybrid electric vehicles, battery aging not only declines the performance and reliability of the battery itself, but it also affects the whole energy efficiency of the vehicle since the engine has to participate more. Therefore, the energy management strategy is required to be adjusted during the entire lifespan of lithium-ion batteries to maintain the optimality of energy economy. In this study, tests of the battery performances under thirteen different aging stages are involved and a parameters-varying battery model that represents the battery degradation is established. The influences of battery aging on energy consumption of a given plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) are analyzed quantitatively. The results indicate that the variations of capacity and internal resistance are the main factors while the polarization and open circuit voltage (OCV) have a minor effect on the energy consumption. Based on the above efforts, the optimal energy management strategy is proposed for optimizing the energy efficiency concerning both the fresh and aging batteries in PHEV. The presented strategy is evaluated by a simulation study with different driving cycles, illustrating that it can balance out some of the harmful effects that battery aging can have on energy efficiency. The energy consumption is reduced by up to 2.24% compared with that under the optimal strategy without considering the battery aging.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Nanoparticles Inserted into Graphene Sheets as High Performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xuejun Zhang ◽  
Yanhong Tian ◽  
Xi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Si Nanoparticles

Silicon nanoparticles have been successfully inserted into graphene sheets via a novel method combining freeze-drying and thermal reduction. The structure, electrochemical performance, and cycling stability of this anode material were characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), charge/discharge cycling, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV showed that the Si/graphene nanocomposite exhibits remarkably enhanced cycling performance and rate performance compared with bare Si nanoparticles for lithium ion batteries. XRD and SEM showed that silicon nanoparticles inserted into graphene sheets were homogeneous and had better layered structure than the bare silicon nanoparticles. Graphene sheets improved high rate discharge capacity and long cycle-life performance. The initial capacity of the Si nanoparticles/graphene keeps above 850 mAhg−1after 100 cycles at a rate of 100 mAg−1. The excellent cycle performances are caused by the good structure of the composites, which ensured uniform electronic conducting sheet and intensified the cohesion force of binder and collector, respectively.

Stable high-rate cycling electrode based on Li3V2(PO4)3/C using polyamide as a novel carbon source

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (114) ◽  
pp. 113228-113233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yan ◽  
Yuancheng Cao ◽  
Fujun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Time

Polyamide, as a novel carbon source, was introduced for the first time into the synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries through a carbon-thermal reduction method.

Chemical synthesis of germanium nanoparticles with uniform size as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2814-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangbiao Wang ◽  
Keyan Bao ◽  
Zhengsong Lou ◽  
Guobing Liang ◽  
Quanfa Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Germanium Nanoparticles

A simple Mg-thermal reduction reaction is reported to synthesize germanium (Ge) nanoparticles with a uniform size at a low temperature of 400 °C in an autoclave.

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