Excess serum Na level in rats administered with high doses of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-casein nanoparticles prepared with sodium caseinate

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahui Zhang ◽  
Shuya Han ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Haihua Zhang ◽  
Chenhuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Doses

The 28-day oral toxicity test of 5.0 g per kg BW FD-EGCG-NPs on rats did not show any adverse effect. However, Na level in the serum of females and males treated with 10.0 g per kg BW FD-EGCG-NPs or FD-NPs significantly increased (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS ORAL REPEATED DOSE FILTRAT BUAH LUWINGAN (Ficus hispida L.f.) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) GALUR WISTAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmindra Fitria ◽  
Rosita Dwi Putri Suranto ◽  
Indira Diah Utami ◽  
Septy Azizah Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Hairy fig is a tropical medium-sized tree that produces abundant fruits throughout the year. In some Asian countries, the fruits are consumed as traditional medicine and food ingredient. Meanwhile in Indonesia there has not been much use. A series of oral toxicity tests must be conducted to study the possibility of toxic effects and the safety before further exploration. Oral single dose toxicity study of young and ripe hairy fig fruit filtrate has been carried out. Results demonstrated no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) at a concentration of 100%. This study was aimed to continue the oral toxicity test with repeated dose following standard toxicity procedure by OECD Test Guideline No. 407 with some modifications. Parameters observed were mortality, sublethal effects consisted of physical conditions and behavior, body weight, core temperature, complete blood count, as well as liver, heart, and renal functions by measuring ALT, AST, and creatinine, respectively. Sampling points on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in both young and ripe fruits filtrate at a concentration of 100% however with a tendency to cause anemia and associate with renal dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to perform similar method of toxicity test but with lower concentration, also continue with further toxicity tests (subchronic and chronic periods).  

Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous whole leaf and green rind extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Nalimu ◽  
Joseph Oloro ◽  
Emanuel L. Peter ◽  
Patrick Engeu Ogwang
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Several local communities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Northern regions of Uganda have been using the whole leaf extracts of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Asphodelaceae) in the treatment of various ailments. Also, several commercial companies sell A. vera as soft drinks in Uganda. However, there are inadequate reports on the toxicities of such preparations. This paper reports the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of whole leaf and green rind of A. vera in Wistar rats. Methods Acute oral toxicity test was carried out in female Wistar rats at doses of 175, 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. Similarly, a sub-acute oral toxicity test was performed in both sexes of rats at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 28 days. All the groups of animals were monitored for behavioral, morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, including mortality and compared with respective controls. Body weights were measured weekly while the animals’ relative organ weights, hematological, biochemical, gross, and microscopic pathology were examined on day 29. Results There was no mortality or apparent behavioral changes at the doses tested in acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests. Thus, the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of green rind and whole leaf aqueous extracts was above 5000 mg/kg. Gross anatomy revealed that the rats’ relative spleen weight in green rind extract at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased compared to the control group. The creatinine levels in female rats that received green rind extract and the chloride ion levels in male rats administered whole leaf extract were significantly elevated. Conversely, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) levels significantly decreased at lower doses of the green rind extract compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the renal interstitium’s inflammation at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg of the whole leaf extract. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that A. vera green rind and whole leaf extracts are non-toxic at relatively high doses when used for a short duration. Prolonged use of the aqueous whole leaf extract might be associated with kidney toxicity.

scholarly journals Subacute oral toxicity test of chitosan-alginate coated microparticle of Garcinia mangostana Linn extract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Bagus Yoga Satriadinatha ◽  
Siti Farida ◽  
Kamarza Mulia ◽  
Desak Gede Budi Krisnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽  
AJI SUTRISNO ◽  
TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽  
HARIJONO ◽  
MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

scholarly journals An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Hye Han ◽  
Mi Kyung Lim ◽  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Md. Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Young-Hee Lim
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica

A 2-week repeated-dose oral toxicity test of Polycalcium, a mixed composition of Polycan and calcium lactate-gluconate 1 : 9 (g/g)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-191
Author(s):  
Jae-Suk Choi ◽  
Hyun-Soo Shin ◽  
Yu-Mi Ha ◽  
Ki Young Kim ◽  
Sae Kwang Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Dose Oral

Oral Toxicity of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. B. Crouse ◽  
Emily May Lent ◽  
Glenn J. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200 ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Human Health Effects

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), an insensitive explosive, was evaluated to assess potential environmental and human health effects. A 14-day oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted with NTO in polyethylene glycol -200 by gavage at doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg/kg-d. Body mass and food consumption decreased in males (2000 mg/kg-d), and testes mass was reduced at doses of 500 mg/kg-d and greater. Based on the findings in the 14-day study, a 90-day study was conducted at doses of 0, 30, 100, 315, or 1000 mg/kg-d NTO. There was no effect on food consumption, body mass, or neurobehavioral parameters. Males in the 315 and 1000 mg/kg-d groups had reduced testes mass with associated tubular degeneration and atrophy. The testicular effects were the most sensitive adverse effect and were used to derive a benchmark dose (BMD) of 70 mg/kg-d with a 10% effect level (BMDL10) of 40 mg/kg-d.

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