Effect of pasta shape and gluten on pasta cooking quality and structural breakdown during mastication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinying Suo ◽  
Ana Carolina Mosca ◽  
Nicoletta Pellegrini ◽  
Elena Vittadini
Keyword(s):  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Structural Breakdown ◽  
Oral Processing

Oral processing behaviour of food is affected by the structural characteristics of the food matrix, including rheological and mechanical attributes as well as size and shape. Pasta, a staple starchy...

scholarly journals Characterization of Processing Influences on In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Chlorophylls from Six Spinach Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
Micaela Hayes ◽  
Marti Pottorff ◽  
Colin Kay ◽  
Mary Ann Lila ◽  
Massimo Iorizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Bioactive Content ◽  
Oral Processing

Abstract Objectives Spinach is a rich source of bioactives including carotenoids and chlorophylls. Ultimate delivery, or bioavailability, of these bioactives to consumers varies depending on pre-/post-harvest factors that impact the food matrix. The interaction between food processing, oral processing (mastication), and spinach genotype have not been explored. Insights into these factors hold the potential to identify interaction effects between genotype and processing (GxP). Methods Six genotypes of spinach selected based on previous bioaccessibility screening were greenhouse grown in Salisbury, NC (Fall 2019), harvested, and stored fresh at 4C (24 hr) or at −80C after processing by blanching (2 min, 100C), thermal sterilization (121C for 15 min), or juicing. All genotypes were subjected to all processing methods, and a portion of each sample was subjected to simulated mastication while another was homogenized (30 sec) into a puree. All samples were subjected to a three-phase in vitro digestion to assess the transfer of carotenoids and chlorophyll derivatives from the food matrix to the aqueous micellar fraction (bioaccessibility). Results Processing method, genotype, and GxP had a significant influence on total bioactive content (P < 0.01), relative bioaccessibility (P < 0.01), and bioaccessible content (P < 0.01). Average bioactive content decreased in the order of juiced (26.2–36.9 μmol/g), blanched (23.3–30.0 μmol/g), thermally sterilized (22.5–27.3 μmol/g), and fresh spinach (18.6–25.0 μmol/g). Bioaccessible content decreased from juiced (6.8–9.8 μmol/g), to fresh (4.0–6.9 μmol/g) and blanched (4.6–5.6 μmol/g), and then thermally sterilized (2.4–3.3 μmol/g). Bioaccessible content from masticated samples was similar for thermally sterilized (0.9–1.5 μmol/g) and fresh samples (0.7–1.3 μmol/g). Conclusions Results indicate that heat treatment preserves bioactives in these six spinach genotypes and may modestly decrease their bioaccessibility. Influence of mastication on bioaccessible content of bioactives supports the notion that oral processing is a critical factor impacting ultimate bioaccessibility from vegetables. Together, these results provide valuable information for optimization of bioactive delivery. Funding Sources Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.

Effect of food matrix structure and composition on aroma release during oral processing usingin vivomonitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian C. Frank ◽  
Graham T. Eyres ◽  
Udayasika Piyasiri ◽  
Conor M. Delahunty
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Aroma Release ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Oral Processing

scholarly journals Supramolecular hydrogen-bonding patterns of co-crystals containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) phloroglucinol andN-heterocycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Cvetkovski ◽  
Valerio Bertolasi ◽  
Valeria Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Networks ◽  
Bonding Patterns

The active pharmaceutical ingredient phloroglucinol (PHL) has been taken as an illustrative molecule to explore the intermolecular interactions which can be established with other molecular entities to build PHL pharmaceutical co-crystals. The crystal structures of five newly synthesized co-crystals are reported, where PHL is crystallized withN-heterocycles, namely 2-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine (1), 2,4-dimethyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (2), 4-phenylpyridine (3), 2-hydroxypyridine (4) and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (5). The structural characteristics of these co-crystals, as far as the hydrogen-bonding networks and the crystalline architectures are concerned, are strongly dependent on the chemical features of the coformer molecules, as well as on their size and shape. A detailed analysis of the intermolecular interactions established in all the PHL co-crystals of known structures has allowed the recognition of some regularities in the packing modes that can be useful in the design of new supramolecular adducts forming predictable structural motifs.

A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 722-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

SEM analysis of the change in the reaction rates with deposit structures in the copper-iron cementation system

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
V. Annamalai ◽  
L.E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Emission Mode ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Image Position

Economical recovery of copper metal from leach liquors has been carried out by the simple process of cementing copper onto a suitable substrate metal, such as scrap-iron, since the 16th century. The process has, however, a major drawback of consuming more iron than stoichiometrically needed by the reaction.Therefore, many research groups started looking into the process more closely. Though it is accepted that the structural characteristics of the resultant copper deposit cause changes in reaction rates for various experimental conditions, not many systems have been systematically investigated. This paper examines the deposit structures and the kinetic data, and explains the correlations between them.A simple cementation cell along with rotating discs of pure iron (99.9%) were employed in this study to obtain the kinetic results The resultant copper deposits were studied in a Hitachi Perkin-Elmer HHS-2R scanning electron microscope operated at 25kV in the secondary electron emission mode.

Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
H.J.G. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Parallel Plane ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Era ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

Use of 2½ D imaging in analysis of NiTi martensite

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-611
Author(s):  
G. M. Michal
Keyword(s):  
Memory Effect ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Low Symmetry ◽  
Hydride Phases ◽  
Unusual Shape

Several TEM investigations have attempted to correlate the structural characteristics to the unusual shape memory effect in NiTi, the consensus being the essence of the memory effect is ostensible manifest in the structure of NiTi transforming martensitic- ally from a B2 ordered lattice to a low temperature monoclinic phase. Commensurate with the low symmetry of the martensite phase, many variants may form from the B2 lattice explaining the very complex transformed microstructure. The microstructure may also be complicated by the enhanced formation of oxide or hydride phases and precipitation of intermetallic compounds by electron beam exposure. Variants are typically found in selfaccommodation groups with members of a group internally twinned and the twins themselves are often observed to be internally twinned. Often the most salient feature of a group of variants is their close clustering around a given orientation. Analysis of such orientation relationships may be a key to determining the nature of the reaction path that gives the transformation its apparently perfect reversibility.

Use of light microscopy in the qualitative and quantitative study of liquid crystalline order

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Order ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials ◽  
Transparent Windows

Light microscopy is a convenient technique for characterizing molecular order in fluid liquid crystalline materials. Microstructures can usually be observed under the actual conditions that promote the formation of liquid crystalline phases, whether or not a solvent is required, and at temperatures that can range from the boiling point of nitrogen to 600°C. It is relatively easy to produce specimens that are sufficiently thin and flat, simply by confining a droplet between glass cover slides. Specimens do not need to be conducting, and they do not have to be maintained in a vacuum. Drybox or other controlled environmental conditions can be maintained in a sealed chamber equipped with transparent windows; some heating/ freezing stages can be used for this purpose. It is relatively easy to construct a modified stage so that the generation and relaxation of global molecular order can be observed while specimens are being sheared, simulating flow conditions that exist during processing. Also, light only rarely affects the chemical composition or molecular weight distribution of the sample. Because little or no processing is required after collecting the sample, one can be confident that biologically derived materials will reveal many of their in vivo structural characteristics, even though microscopy is performed in vitro.

The influence of confocal microscope design on imaging performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
C J R Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Fundamental Limitation

The confocal microscope is now widely used in both biomedical and industrial applications for imaging, in three dimensions, objects with appreciable depth. There are now a range of different microscopes on the market, which have adopted a variety of different designs. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects on imaging performance of design parameters including the method of scanning, the type of detector, and the size and shape of the confocal aperture.It is becoming apparent that there is no such thing as an ideal confocal microscope: all systems have limitations and the best compromise depends on what the microscope is used for and how it is used. The most important compromise at present is between image quality and speed of scanning, which is particularly apparent when imaging with very weak signals. If great speed is not of importance, then the fundamental limitation for fluorescence imaging is the detection of sufficient numbers of photons before the fluorochrome bleaches.

Ascidian Mitochondrial tRNAMet Possessing Unique Structural Characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Kondow ◽  
Shin-ichi Yokobori ◽  
Takuya Ueda ◽  
Kimitsuna Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics
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