Soybean protein hydrolysate stimulated cholecystokinin secretion and inhibited feed intake through calcium-sensing receptors and intracellular calcium signalling in pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lvyang Wang ◽  
Liren Ding ◽  
Wei-yun Zhu ◽  
Suqin Hang
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Calcium Sensing

Although soybean protein is the major component in livestock feeds, its effect on pigs’ appetites is largely unknown. Recently, the importance of gut nutrient-sensing for appetite modulation by regulating anorectic...

scholarly journals Binding of Gd3+to the neuronal signalling protein calexcitin identifies an exchangeable Ca2+-binding site

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Lucas Chataigner ◽  
Jingxu Guo ◽  
Peter T. Erskine ◽  
Alun R. Coker ◽  
Steve P. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Metal Binding Sites ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Ef Hands

Calexcitin was first identified in the marine snailHermissenda crassicornisas a neuronal-specific protein that becomes upregulated and phosphorylated in associative learning. Calexcitin possesses four EF-hand motifs, but only the first three (EF-1 to EF-3) are involved in binding metal ions. Past work has indicated that under physiological conditions EF-1 and EF-2 bind Mg2+and Ca2+, while EF-3 is likely to bind only Ca2+. The fourth EF-hand is nonfunctional owing to a lack of key metal-binding residues. The aim of this study was to use a crystallographic approach to determine which of the three metal-binding sites of calexcitin is most readily replaced by exogenous metal ions, potentially shedding light on which of the EF-hands play a `sensory' role in neuronal calcium signalling. By co-crystallizing recombinant calexcitin with equimolar Gd3+in the presence of trace Ca2+, EF-1 was shown to become fully occupied by Gd3+ions, while the other two sites remain fully occupied by Ca2+. The structure of the Gd3+–calexcitin complex has been refined to anRfactor of 21.5% and anRfreeof 30.4% at 2.2 Å resolution. These findings suggest that EF-1 of calexcitin is the Ca2+-binding site with the lowest selectivity for Ca2+, and the implications of this finding for calcium sensing in neuronal signalling pathways are discussed.

scholarly journals The Calcium Sensing Receptor: From Understanding Parathyroid Calcium Homeostasis to Bone Metastases

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas

The cloning of the calcium sensing receptor (CaR) confirmed that parathyroid cells monitor extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]ext) via a receptor-type mechanism. This lead to the hypothesis that abnormalities in the expression and/or function of the CaR could explain the biochemical abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Cultured cells from parathyroid adenomas of patients operated for PHPT were used to monitor real-time changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) as measured by fluorescent microscopy using the Fura-2/AM dye. We found that CaR agonists trigger release of intracellular calcium pools and such responses are amplified by increasing the affinity of IP3 receptors. Using confocal microscopy to monitor membrane trafficking in living parathyroid cells labelled with the fluorescent dye FM1-43, we found that a decrease in [Ca2+]i rather than an absolute change in [Ca2+]ext is the main stimulus for exocytosis from human parathyroid cells. These data suggest that, in PHPT, a defective signalling mechanism from the CaR allows cells from parathyroid adenomas to maintain low [Ca2+]i with uninhibited PTH secretion in the face of hypercalcaemia. Over longer periods of time, CaR controls parathyroid proliferation via changes in tyrosine phosphorylation. We found that multiple proteins of molecular weight 20–65 kDa are phosphorylated within 10–60 min in response to CaR agonists. Further work demonstrated that high [Ca2+]i stimulates the expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein in cultured human parathyroid cells and that, in parathyroid adenomas, predominant expression of bcl-2 rather than bax oncoprotein might prevent apoptosis and explain the slow growth rate of these tumours. More recently, it became apparent that CaR stimulates cell proliferation in several cell types not involved in calcium homeostasis. Using archived histological material from 65 patients who died with metastatic breast cancer, we identified CaR expression predominantly in tumours from patients who developed bone rather than visceral metastases (35 of 49 versus 7 of 16; P < 0.01, chi-squared test). These data suggest that CaR expression has the potential to become a new biological marker predicting the risk of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. A prospective study should investigate if patients with CaR-positive tumours are more likely to develop bone metastases and whether they could benefit more from prophylactic treatment with bisphosphonates or the newly developed CaR antagonists.

scholarly journals Influence of Single/Collective Use of Curing Agents on the Curing Behavior and Bond Strength of Soy Protein-Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (SMUF) Resin for Plywood Assembly

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Wu ◽  
Bengang Zhang ◽  
Xiaojian Zhou ◽  
Lifen Li ◽  
Liping Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Crosslinking Reactions

Soybean protein hydrolysate, melamine, urea, and concentrated formaldehyde were used to synthesize an environmentally friendly soybean protein-melamine-urea-formaldehyde (SMUF) co-condensation resin. (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2HPO4, (NH4)2HPO4 + (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2HPO4 + (NH4)2S2O8, and (NH4)2HPO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + (NH4)2S2O8 were employed as curing agents for SMUF resin. The curing and thermal behaviors of the SMUF resin were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the following: (1) (NH4)2SO4 alone could not cure the SMUF resin completely; thus, the final shear strength accomplished plywood with the resin was low, and its water resistance was poor, while the adhesive section was loose and porous/brittle after curing. (2) (NH4)2HPO4 could be hydrolyzed to generate H+ and promote SMUF curing, but it could also form polyphosphoric acids, resulting in crosslinking reactions with SMUF in parallel; thereby, the curing properties were improved. (3) When (NH4)2HPO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + (NH4)2S2O8 were engaged collectively as curing agent, the shear strength, water resistance, and heat resistance of SMUF attained were the best possible whereas the curing temperature was decreased and the heat released by curing was elevated substantially, which signifies maximized extent of crosslinking was achieved. Further, the adhesive section exhibited mostly a crosslinking intertexture as demonstrated by means of SEM. Accordingly, this study may serve as a guide for the curing of amino resins, with low-molar ratio of formaldehyde to amine in adhesives, which are applied to plywood production.

scholarly journals Feed Efficiency Can Be Sustained in Pigs Fed with Locally Produced Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3993
Author(s):  
Emilio Gómez Izquierdo ◽  
Luis Gomez-Raya ◽  
Eduardo de Mercado de la Peña ◽  
Juan José Ciruelos ◽  
Wendy M. Rauw
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Feed Costs

There is an interest in replacing soybean meal with locally produced ingredients in livestock feeds. Narbon vetch is resistant to unfavorable climatic and soil conditions, common pests, and has a favorable nutritional profile. The effect of substitution of soybean meal with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10), and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch on growth curve parameters, daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and residual feed intake (RFI) was investigated in 47 Duroc × Iberian barrows in 16 periods (a total of 125 d). DFI and DBWG were reduced (p < 0.05) up to four weeks after introduction of the novel feed in V20 and V10. Small, mostly nonsignificant differences existed between treatments in FCE and RFI. However, because of accumulative small differences in feed efficiency between the four diets, pigs in V0 reached the highest BW, and pigs in V20 reached the lowest BW on a similar feed intake. Economic implications of Narbon vetch inclusion depend on the extra amount of feed required and associated feed costs, and on the costs of additional days on-farm required to reach a given slaughter weight.

Cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate stimulates feed intake and appetite in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-994
Author(s):  
Hui‐hui Cheng ◽  
Ming‐yang Liu ◽  
Xiang‐yang Yuan ◽  
Ding‐dong Zhang ◽  
Wen‐bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Meal Protein
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