Solanum anguivi Lam. fruit preparations counteract the negative effects of a high-sugar diet on the glucose metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto ◽  
Silvia Rudloff ◽  
Christian Borsch ◽  
Anika Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) are traditionally consumed as a remedy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, data regarding the potential anti-diabetic effect of SALF and its underlying mechanisms...

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

scholarly journals Potential of Creatine in Glucose Management and Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Marina Yazigi Solis ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bruno Gualano
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Glucose Management

Creatine is one of the most popular supplements worldwide, and it is frequently used by both athletic and non-athletic populations to improve power, strength, muscle mass and performance. A growing body of evidence has been identified potential therapeutic effects of creatine in a wide variety of clinical conditions, such as cancer, muscle dystrophy and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has suggested that creatine supplementation alone, and mainly in combination with exercise training, may improve glucose metabolism in health individuals and insulin-resistant individuals, such as in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine itself may stimulate insulin secretion in vitro, improve muscle glycogen stores and ameliorate hyperglycemia in animals. In addition, exercise induces numerous metabolic benefits, including increases in insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. It has been speculated that creatine supplementation combined with exercise training could result in additional improvements in glucose metabolism when compared with each intervention separately. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of combined exercise and creatine supplementation is an enhanced glucose transport into muscle cell by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to sarcolemma. Although preliminary findings from small-scale trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are promising, the efficacy of creatine for improving glycemic control is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we aim to explore the possible therapeutic role of creatine supplementation on glucose management and as a potential anti-diabetic intervention, summarizing the current knowledge and highlighting the research gaps.

Dietary fibers in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Blaak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This chapter reviews how dietary fibers can be used to prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary fibers are a heterogenous group of food compounds. The physicochemical properties of dietary fibers determine their effects on gastrointestinal and metabolic health, including effect on gastro-intestinal transit, glycemic response, microbial composition and fermentative capacity. Most fiber rich foods contain insoluble, prebiotic and viscous fibers in varying ratios. The chapter begins by discussing underlying mechanisms of action of insoluble fibers. It then goes on to discuss the various dietary fiber intervention studies, specifically focusing on prebiotic fibers and soluble viscous fibers. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of consuming high levels dietary fiber and whole grains and their positive impact on metabolic health.

scholarly journals Hyperaminoacidaemia at postprandial levels does not modulate glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bassil ◽  
S. Burgos ◽  
E. B. Marliss ◽  
J. A. Morais ◽  
S. Chevalier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism

scholarly journals The difference between steroid diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT study

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1383-1393
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Jinxin Zhou ◽  
Yu Pan ◽  
Huijun Ju ◽  
Liying Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Aims Steroid diabetes mellitus (SDM) is a metabolic syndrome caused by an increase in glucocorticoids, and its pathogenesis is unclear. 18F-FDG PET/CT can reflect the glucose metabolism of tissues and organs under living conditions. Here, PET/CT imaging of SDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats was used to visualize changes in glucose metabolism in the main glucose metabolizing organs and investigate the pathogenesis of SDM. Methods SDM and T2DM rat models were established. During this time, PET/CT imaging was used to measure the %ID/g value of skeletal muscle and liver to evaluate glucose uptake. The pancreatic, skeletal muscle and liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results SDM rats showed increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, hyperplasia of islet α and β cells, increased FDG uptake in skeletal muscle accompanied by an up-regulation of PI3Kp85α, IRS-1, and GLUT4, no significant changes in liver uptake, and that glycogen storage in the liver and skeletal muscle increased. T2DM rats showed atrophy of pancreatic islet β cells and decreased insulin levels, significantly reduced FDG uptake and glycogen storage in skeletal muscle and liver. Conclusions The pathogenesis of SDM is different from that of T2DM. The increased glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle may be related to the increased compensatory secretion of insulin. Glucocorticoids promote the proliferation of islet α cells and cause an increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver, which may cause increased blood glucose.

scholarly journals Abnormal renal and hepatic glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Meyer ◽  
M Stumvoll ◽  
V Nadkarni ◽  
J Dostou ◽  
A Mitrakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose
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