Selenium Enriched Bacillus subtilis yb-1114246 Activated the TLR2－NF-kB1 Signaling Pathway to Regulate Chicken Intestinal β-defensin 1 Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Yang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Kehe Huang ◽  
Mengling Zhu ◽  
Qinxing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Chicken Intestine

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and potential signaling pathway of selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (SEBS) on beta defensin 1 (BD1) expression in chicken intestine. Chinese Huainan...

scholarly journals Streptomycin-Induced Expression in Bacillus subtilis of YtnP, a Lactonase-Homologous Protein That Inhibits Development and Streptomycin Production in Streptomyces griseus

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schneider ◽  
Ana Yepes ◽  
Juan C. Garcia-Betancur ◽  
Isa Westedt ◽  
Benjamin Mielich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Homologous Protein

ABSTRACTBacillus subtilisinduces expression of the geneytnPin the presence of the antimicrobial streptomycin, produced by the Gram-positive bacteriumStreptomyces griseus.ytnPencodes a lactonase-homologous protein that is able to inhibit the signaling pathway required for the streptomycin production and development of aerial mycelium inS. griseus.

scholarly journals Genetic Requirements for Induction of Germination of Spores of Bacillus subtilis by Ca2+-Dipicolinate

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (16) ◽  
pp. 4886-4893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan Paidhungat ◽  
Katerina Ragkousi ◽  
Peter Setlow
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Early Germination ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Dormant Bacillus subtilis spores can be induced to germinate by nutrients, as well as by nonmetabolizable chemicals, such as a 1:1 chelate of Ca2+ and dipicolinic acid (DPA). Nutrients bind receptors in the spore, and this binding triggers events in the spore core, including DPA excretion and rehydration, and also activates hydrolysis of the surrounding cortex through mechanisms that are largely unknown. As Ca2+-DPA does not require receptors to induce spore germination, we asked if this process utilizes other proteins, such as the putative cortex-lytic enzymes SleB and CwlJ, that are involved in nutrient-induced germination. We found that Ca2+-DPA triggers germination by first activating CwlJ-dependent cortex hydrolysis; this mechanism is different from nutrient-induced germination where cortex hydrolysis is not required for the early germination events in the spore core. Nevertheless, since nutrients can induce release of the spore's DPA before cortex hydrolysis, we examined if the DPA excreted from the core acts as a signal to activate CwlJ in the cortex. Indeed, endogenous DPA is required for nutrient-induced CwlJ activation and this requirement was partially remedied by exogenous Ca2+-DPA. Our findings thus define a mechanism for Ca2+-DPA-induced germination and also provide the first definitive evidence for a signaling pathway that activates cortex hydrolysis in response to nutrients.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Core Components of the Bacillus subtilis Cyclic-Di-GMP Signaling Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 195 (21) ◽  
pp. 4782-4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Gao ◽  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
P. M. Matthews ◽  
L. A. Hammad ◽  
D. B. Kearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Core Components

SEBS colonized in ileal mucosa, optimized bacterial composition, improved Se level and activated TLR2－NF-kB1 signaling pathway to regulate β-defensin 1 expression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Yang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Minhong Zhang ◽  
Dong Wu ◽  
Kai Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Crypt Cells

Abstract Background Both selenium (Se) and probiotic bacillus improve immunity. Beta defensin 1 (BD1), a component of intestinal mucosal immunity, could be up-regulated in dietary selenium enriched bacillus subtilis (SEBS) supplementation. SEBS was supplemented in the culture medium of mouse intestinal crypt cells and the diets of chicks to observe the effects of SEBS on BD1 in the intestine by colonization of bacillus subtilis, its recognition and signaling pathway, bacterial composition optimization, and biological functions of Se. Results BD1 was formed in intestinal crypt cells and secreted into the lumen through the villi brush border. BD1 was up-regulated in distal ileum segments with SEBS and bacillus subtilis colonization. This occurred through the recognition of toll like receptor 2 and the NF-kB1 signaling pathway (TLR2-MyD88།NF-kB1), this increased expression was further enhanced with Se combination. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were up-regulated with bacillus subtilis supplementation, while this up-regulation was inhibited with Se. Colonization of bacillus subtilis in distal segments of the ileum improved bacterial diversity, while reducing the number of endogenous Salmonella and lactobacilli sp. in ileal mucous membranes with SEBS supplementation. Species of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, uncultured Anaerosporobacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Peptococcus, and Lactobacillus salivarius, and unclassified Butyricicoccus were substantial in ileal mucous membranes to promote BD1 concentration. Conclusion SECB, colonized in the ileal mucous membrane, optimized bacterial composition, enhanced BD1 secretion through activation of the TLR2-MyD88།NF-kB1 signaling pathway, and reduced pro-inflammatory factors. Our results suggest a new avenue for the combination of probiotic bacteria and essential micro-element selenium to improve intestinal mucosal immunity, increase defense against cold stress, and reduce illness incidence and mortality.

scholarly journals The Blue-Light Receptor YtvA Acts in the Environmental Stress Signaling Pathway of Bacillus subtilis

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (17) ◽  
pp. 6387-6395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Gaidenko ◽  
Tae-Jong Kim ◽  
Andrea L. Weigel ◽  
Margaret S. Brody ◽  
Chester W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Stress Signaling Pathway

ABSTRACT The general stress response of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is regulated by a partner-switching mechanism in which serine and threonine phosphorylation controls protein interactions in the stress-signaling pathway. The environmental branch of this pathway contains a family of five paralogous proteins that function as negative regulators. Here we present genetic evidence that a sixth paralog, YtvA, acts as a positive regulator in the same environmental signaling branch. We also present biochemical evidence that YtvA and at least three of the negative regulators can be isolated from cell extracts in a large environmental signaling complex. YtvA differs from these associated negative regulators by its flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-containing light-oxygen-voltage domain. Others have shown that this domain has the photochemistry expected for a blue-light sensor, with the covalent linkage of the FMN chromophore to cysteine 62 composing a critical part of the photocycle. Consistent with the view that light intensity modifies the output of the environmental signaling pathway, we found that cysteine 62 is required for YtvA to exert its positive regulatory role in the absence of other stress. Transcriptional analysis of the ytvA structural gene indicated that it provides the entry point for at least one additional environmental input, mediated by the Spx global regulator of disulfide stress. These results support a model in which the large signaling complex serves to integrate multiple environmental signals in order to modulate the general stress response.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis MBI600 Promotes Growth of Tomato Plants and Induces Systemic Resistance Contributing to the Control of Soilborne Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Anastasios Samaras ◽  
Efstathios Roumeliotis ◽  
Panagiota Ntasiou ◽  
George Karaoglanidis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Yellow Fluorescence Protein ◽  
Colonization Ability

Bacillus subtilis MBI600 (Bs MBI600) is a recently commercialized plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR). In this study, we investigated the effects of Bs MBI600 on the growth of tomato and its biocontrol efficacy against three main soilborne tomato pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici-Forl). Furthermore, the root colonization ability of the Bs MBI600 strain on tomato roots was analyzed in vivo with a yellow fluorescence protein (yfp)-labeled strain, revealing strong colonization ability, which was affected by the root growth substrate. The application of Bs MBI600 on tomato plants resulted in significant increases in shoot and root lengths. Transcriptional activation of two auxin-related genes (SiPin6 and SiLax4) was observed. Single applications of Bs MBI600 on inoculated tomato plants with pathogens revealed satisfactory control efficacy compared to chemical treatment. Transcriptomic analysis of defense-related genes used as markers of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway (PR-1A and GLUA) or jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathway (CHI3, LOXD, and PAL) showed increased transcription patterns in tomato plants treated with Bs MBI600 or Forl. These results indicate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that are activated after the application of Bs MBI600 on tomato plants and suggest that induction of systemic resistance (ISR) occurred.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis Attenuates Hepatic and Intestinal Injuries and Modulates Gut Microbiota and Gene Expression Profiles in Mice Infected with Schistosoma japonicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Datao Lin ◽  
Qiuyue Song ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Jiahua Liu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rrna Gene

Parasitic infection can induce pathological injuries and impact the gut microbiota diversity and composition of the host. Bacillus subtilis is a nonpathogenic and noninvasive probiotic bacterium for humans and other animals, playing an important role in improving the host immune system’s ability to respond to intestinal and liver diseases and modulating gut microbiota. However, whether B. subtilis can impact biological functions in Schistosoma japonicum–infected mice is unclear. This study used oral administration (OA) of B. subtilis to treat mice infected with S. japonicum. We evaluated changes in the gut microbiota of infected mice using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and differentially expressed gene profiles using transcriptome sequencing after OA B. subtilis. We found that OA B. subtilis significantly attenuated hepatic and intestinal pathological injuries in infected mice. The gut microbiota of mice were significantly altered after S. japonicum infection, while OA B. subtilis remodel the diversity and composition of gut microbiomes of infected mice. We found that the S. japonicum–infected mice with OA B. subtilis had an overabundance of the most prevalent bacterial genera, including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminiclostridium, and Enterobacter. Transcriptomic analysis of intestinal tissues revealed that OA B. subtilis shaped the intestinal microenvironment of the host responding to S. japonicum infection. Differentially expressed genes were classified into KEGG pathways between S. japonicum–infected mice and those without included cell adhesion molecules, intestinal immune network for IgA production, hematopoietic cell lineage, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, calcium signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, chemokine signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, pancreatic secretion, and phagosome. In conclusion, our findings showed that OA B. subtilis alleviates pathological injuries and regulates gene expression, implying that B. subtilis supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for schistosomiasis. Our study may highlight the value of probiotics as a beneficial supplementary therapy during human schistosomiasis, but further studies are needed.

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