Maternal galactooligosaccharides supplementation programmed immune defense, microbial colonization and intestinal development in piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Zhang ◽  
Yu Pi ◽  
Dandan Han ◽  
Cuiping Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Intestinal Development

Dietary GOS in sows nutritionally programmed intestinal Alloprevotella and plasma IgA in their offspring, contributing to a better intestinal barrier and growth performance of piglets.

scholarly journals Clinical and microbiological pathogenetic parallels with necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants Evidence-based prevention opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Irina A. Belyaeva ◽  
E. P. Bombardirova ◽  
N. A. Kharitonova ◽  
T. V. Potekhina ◽  
P. E. Sadchikov
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
New Concepts

There are summarized data of domestic and foreign publications on the issue of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in children born prematurely. There is presented the trend of the prevalence of this pathology in the last decade, especially epidemiology and significance of NEC in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There were analyzed new concepts on etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. In recent years, there was descripted the key role of some risk factors for the development of NEC - immatureness of intestinal barrier functions, local and systemic immunity, reduced tolerance to enteral nutrition (especially in the absence of breast-feeding), inadequate microbial colonization of the immature gastrointestinal tract. Modern research methods allow us to decipher subtle mechanisms of activation of the cascade of the intestinal inflammation and breakdown of the immune defense mechanisms. There are established cellular and humoral compartments of the immune response in NEC; there were revealed typical deviations in intestinal microbiota. The investigation of etiopathogenetical NEC factors is the basis for the development of targeted methods of the prevention and treatment of this severe disease in premature infants, including with the use of probiotics. There are presented data that the use of probiotics significantly reduces the incidence of severe NEC and mortality risk from NEC.

scholarly journals Effects of dynamic segmentation of nutrient supply on growth performance and intestinal development of broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Huang ◽  
Huiyi Cai ◽  
Guohua Liu ◽  
Haijie Yan ◽  
Wenhuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Dynamic Segmentation

scholarly journals Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).

NOD-Like Receptors: Guardians of Intestinal Mucosal Barriers

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Claes ◽  
Jun Yu Zhou ◽  
Dana J. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors, which are critically involved in mucosal immune defense. The association of the NLR, NOD2, with inflammatory bowel disease first pointed to the NLRs potential function as guardians of the intestinal barrier. Since then, several studies have emphasized the importance of NLRs in maintaining gut homeostasis and intestinal infections, and in shaping the microbiota. In this review, we will highlight the function of NLRs in intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Effects of Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Metabolomics in Weaned Piglets Challenged by Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingfa Wang ◽  
Luli Zhou ◽  
Hanlin Zhou ◽  
Guanyu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Background: The effects of dietary supplementation with guava leaf extracts (GE) on growth performance, diarrhea and intestinal barrier function, as well as associated with its modulation of serum and fecal metabolic changes in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were investigated.Method: Fifty weaned piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) from 5 pens (2 piglets per pen) were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group (BC), negative control group (NC), or those supplemented with 50 mg kg-1 (S50), 100 mg kg-1 (S100), or 200 (S200) mg kg-1 diet GE, respectively. On day 4, all piglets (except for BC) were orally challenged with about 1.0 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU) enterotoxigenic ETEC. After 28-day trial, growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal barrier function and metabolomics of serum and fecal were investigated.Results: We demonstrated that dietary supplementation with GE (50-200 mg kg-1) reduced diarrhea incidence of piglets and increased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1) (P < 0.05) and sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with GE (50-200 mg kg-1) upregulated level of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) and reversed higher level of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) caused by ETEC in serum compared with NC group (P < 0.05), and enhanced antioxidant ability of piglets. In addition, dietary addition with GE (100 mg kg-1) reversed the lower level of L-pipecolic acid caused by ETEC in feces compared with NC group (P < 0.05), and decreased oxidative stress response of piglets. Further, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the final weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and F/G among dietary groups during the overall period, and piglets in S50 group has the higher average daily gain (ADG). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with 50-200 mg kg-1 GE reduced diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets challenged by ETEC and exhibited positive effect on improving intestinal barrier function. Meanwhile, dietary addition with GE organized and redistributed energy resources through similar or dissimilar metabolic pathways, and finally enhanced antioxidant ability of piglets challenged by ETEC.

scholarly journals Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Function and Microbiota of Piglets Weaned at Different Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Yunxia Xiong ◽  
Jingping Chen ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
Qiwen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fermented Feed

Abstract BACKGROUND: The beneficial function of fermented feed in livestock industry has been widely investigated. However, little is known about the effects of fermented feed on different weaned-day piglets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented diet on the growth performance, intestinal function and microbiota of piglets weaned at age of 21 days and 28 days.RESULTS: The results found that weaning on d 21 significantly increased (P < 0.05) ADG, and ADFI (calculated based on wet weight and dry matter), while reduced (P < 0.05) F: G, the activities of trypsin and lipase of jejunum and villus height of ileum, compared with 28-d weaning. The protein levels of Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 of ileum in the groups weaning on d 21 were less (P < 0.05) than the groups weaning on d 28. Moreover, dietary supplementation with fermented diet upregulated (P < 0.05) Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 proteins of ileum, compared with the groups treated with control diet both weaning on d 21 and d 28. In addition, dietary supplementation with fermented diet decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Clostridia (class) and increased (P < 0.05) Bacteroidia (class) level of cecal microbiota, compared with the groups treated with control diet both weaning on d 21 and d 28. However, supplementation with fermented diet did not affect the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Therefore, our data suggest that feed digestibility is improved in piglets weaned at 21 days, but intestinal barrier function is weaker than in piglets weaned at 28 days. However, compared with feeding control diet, supplementation with fermented diet both improved feed conversion and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets by modulating intestinal microbiota.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document