scholarly journals Interplay of structural and dynamical heterogeneity in the nucleation mechanism in Ni

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grisell Díaz Leines ◽  
Angelos Michaelides ◽  
Jutta Rogal
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Dynamical Heterogeneity ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Gaining fundamental understanding of crystal nucleation processes in metal alloys is crucial for the development and design of high-performance materials with targeted properties. Yet, crystallizationis a complex non-equilibrium process and,...

scholarly journals Tunable thermo-reversible bicontinuous nanoparticle gel driven by the binary solvent segregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyin Xi ◽  
Ronald S. Lankone ◽  
Li-Piin Sung ◽  
Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Colloidal Assembly ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractBicontinuous porous structures through colloidal assembly realized by non-equilibrium process is crucial to various applications, including water treatment, catalysis and energy storage. However, as non-equilibrium structures are process-dependent, it is very challenging to simultaneously achieve reversibility, reproducibility, scalability, and tunability over material structures and properties. Here, a novel solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel) is proposed and demonstrated to arrest bicontinuous structures with excellent thermal structural reversibility and reproducibility, tunable domain size, adjustable gel transition temperature, and amazing optical properties. It is achieved by trapping nanoparticles into one of the solvent domains upon the phase separation of the binary solvent. Due to the universality of the solvent driven particle phase separation, SeedGel is thus potentially a generic method for a wide range of colloidal systems.

Self-Organisation of the Heat Resistant Steel Structure Following Dynamic Non-Equilibrium Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Chausov ◽  
Pavlo Maruschak ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Andriy Pylypenko ◽  
Valentyn Berezin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissipative Structure ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Using an original experimental methodology and software for contactless investigation into strains applying the method of digital image correlation, conditions for DNP realization in the test setup with pre-set rigidity have been found. Strain velocities have been determined to be equal to 2...10 s–1 in the processes of forming and developing a dissipative structure of heat resistant steel under the DNP (dynamic non-equilibrium process).

scholarly journals SiSn mediated formation of polycrystalline SiGeSn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Shimura ◽  
Masaki Okado ◽  
Tokimune Motofuji ◽  
Hirokazu TATSUOKA
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Amorphous Si ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract Si1-xSnx and Si1-x-yGexSny polycrystalline thin layers were grown using Sn nanodots as crystal nuclei. Si1-xSnx crystallization occurred around Sn nanodots, and the substitutional Sn content was estimated as high as 1.5%. In the case of the poly-Si1-x-yGexSny, Ge and Si were deposited simultaneously on the Sn nanodots, however, Ge was preferentially incorporated into the Sn nanodots, resulting in the formation of the poly-Si1-x-yGexSny with amorphous Si residue. It was found that the poly-Si1-xSnx formed by the Sn nanodots mediated formation can be used as the new virtual substrate to be alloyed with Ge, namely the 2step formation process consisting of poly-Si1-xSnx crystallization and Ge alloying with the Si1-xSnx is the effective formation process for the poly-Si1-x-yGexSny formation. This non-equilibrium process with achieving crystallization resulted in the substitutional Si and Sn content in the as-grown poly-Si1-x-yGexSny as high as 19.4% and 3.4%, respectively.

High-performance NaFePO4formed by aqueous ion-exchange and its mechanism for advanced sodium ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 4882-4892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tang ◽  
Xiaohe Song ◽  
Yonghua Du ◽  
Chengxin Peng ◽  
Ming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Battery ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

Both fundamental understanding and practical demonstrations suggest that aqueous ion-exchanged NaFePO4is a promising cathode for organic sodium ion battery.

Anisothermal densification kinetics of the cold sintering process below 150 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 5668-5672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hwi Bang ◽  
Arnaud Ndayishimiye ◽  
Clive A. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Sintering Kinetics ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Process Methodology ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Reduced Temperature ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Cold sintering is an emerging non-equilibrium process methodology that densifies ceramic powder at significantly reduced temperature and time, and its sintering kinetics can be identified by controlling four densification process variables.

scholarly journals The method of processing the droplet-air flow by non-equilibrium plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 10004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bystrov ◽  
Konstantin Vostrov ◽  
Vladimir Frolov ◽  
Anatoli Bistrov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Equilibrium Plasma ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Dissolved Organic Compounds ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The paper considers a fundamentally new installation for the processing of a droplet-air environment in a non-equilibrium plasma. Its various designs are presented. This installation is built on the basis of pulsed energy devices and is intended for water disinfection and decomposition of dissolved organic compounds, the production of nanomaterials, research in physics and chemistry, etc. We have conducted research of the performance and energy efficiency of this method of processing. It is established that in obtaining the target product, this method of processing has an advantage over the known methods: due to high performance and energy efficiency, as well as the simplicity of this processing method. In addition, the parasitic load capacity of the nanosecond generator is reduced several times, this fact increases the voltage rise rate on the cells of the plasma plasmatrons, which improves performance and energy efficiency.

Technical viewpoint on polystyrene/graphene nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572090765
Author(s):  
Ayesha Kausar
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Structure Property Relationship ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite

This review presents state-of-the-art progress in the field of polystyrene (PS)/graphene nanocomposite. Graphene is a monoatomic thick nanoallotrope of carbon. It has attracted tremendous research consideration owing to chemical functionalization aptitude and remarkable physical properties. Graphene has been used as a potential nanofiller to dramatically improve the performance of polymeric nanocomposite. PS is an important synthetic aromatic thermoplastic polymer. Graphene has been used to enhance the mechanical strength, thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of PS/graphene nanocomposite. Dispersion routes and synthetic methods of graphene and PS/graphene nanocomposite have also been reviewed. PS/graphene nanocomposites have been explored for anticorrosion, electromagnetic interference shielding, batteries, electrocatalysis, and microextraction applications. In spite of interesting developments, a lot remains to be done with regard to fundamental understanding of structure–property relationship and designing materials to operate for advanced high performance applications. This review is also concluded listing current challenges associated with processing and future perspectives of nanocomposite.

scholarly journals Ionization behavior of nanoporous polyamide membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (48) ◽  
pp. 30191-30200
Author(s):  
Cody L. Ritt ◽  
Jay R. Werber ◽  
Mengyi Wang ◽  
Zhongyue Yang ◽  
Yumeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Nanoconfined Water ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Ionization Behavior ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Low Permittivity ◽  
Polyamide Membranes

Escalating global water scarcity necessitates high-performance desalination membranes, for which fundamental understanding of structure–property–performance relationships is required. In this study, we comprehensively assess the ionization behavior of nanoporous polyamide selective layers in state-of-the-art nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In these films, residual carboxylic acids and amines influence permeability and selectivity by imparting hydrophilicity and ionizable moieties that can exclude coions. We utilize layered interfacial polymerization to prepare physically and chemically similar selective layers of controlled thickness. We then demonstrate location-dependent ionization of carboxyl groups in NF polyamide films. Specifically, only surface carboxyl groups ionize under neutral pH, whereas interior carboxyl ionization requires pH >9. Conversely, amine ionization behaves invariably across the film. First-principles simulations reveal that the low permittivity of nanoconfined water drives the anomalous carboxyl ionization behavior. Furthermore, we report that interior carboxyl ionization could improve the water–salt permselectivity of NF membranes over fourfold, suggesting that interior charge density could be an important tool to enhance the selectivity of polyamide membranes. Our findings highlight the influence of nanoconfinement on membrane transport properties and provide enhanced fundamental understanding of ionization that could enable novel membrane design.

Application of Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamics to Predicting Heat and Mass Diffusion From the Atomistic Up to the Macroscopic Level

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanchen Li ◽  
Michael R. von Spakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Macroscopic Property ◽  
State Evolution ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Conventional first principle approaches for studying non-equilibrium or far-from-equilibrium processes all depend on the mechanics of individual particles or quantum states and as a result, require too many details of the mechanical features of the system to easily or even practically arrive at the value of a macroscopic property. In contrast, thermodynamics, which has been extremely successful in the stable equilibrium realm, provides an approach for determining a macroscopic property without going into the mechanical details. Nonetheless, such a phenomenological approach is not generally applicable to a non-equilibrium process except in the near-equilibrium realm and under the limiting local equilibrium and continuum assumptions, both of which prevent its application across all scales. To address these drawbacks, steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT) can be used. It provides an ensemble-based, thermodynamics, first principles approach applicable to the entire non-equilibrium realm even that far-from-equilibrium and does so with a single kinematics and dynamics able to cross all temporal and spatial scales. Based on prior developments by the authors, this paper applies SEAQT to the study of mass and heat diffusion. Specifically, the study focuses on the thermodynamic features of far-from-equilibrium state evolution. Two kinds of size effects on the evolution trajectory, i.e., concentration and volume effects, are discussed.

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