scholarly journals Precipitation-induced transport and phase partitioning of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in urban and rural watersheds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boluwatife Awonaike ◽  
Ying Duan Lei ◽  
Frank Wania
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Organophosphate Esters ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Water Partitioning ◽  
Predicted Values

Particle-bound OPEs were observed at fractions higher than expected based on predicted partitioning behaviour, i.e. organic carbon–water partitioning ratios (log ) calculated from field data were generally higher than predicted values.

Dilution studies on three marine outfalls in South Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Willem A. M. Botes ◽  
J. F. Kapp
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
The South ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Prediction Techniques ◽  
Domestic Effluent

Field dilution studies were conducted on three “deep” water marine outfalls located along the South African coast to establish the comparibility of actual achievable initial dilutions against the theoretical predicted values and, where appropriate, to make recommendations regarding the applicability of the different prediction techniques in the design of future outfalls. The physical processes along the 3000 km long coastline of South Africa are diverse, ranging from dynamic sub-tropical waters on the east coast to cold, stratified stagnant conditions on the west coast. Fourteen existing offshore marine outfalls serve medium to large industries and various local authorities (domestic effluent). For this investigation three outfalls were selected to represent the range of outfall types as well as the diversity of the physical conditions of the South African coastline. The predicted dilutions, using various approaches, compared well with the measured dilutions. It was found that the application of more “simple” prediction techniques (using average current velocities and ambient densities) may be more practical, ensuring a conservative approach, in pre-feasibility studies, compared to the more detailed prediction models, which uses accurate field data (stratification and current profiles), when extensive field data is not readily available.

scholarly journals Leaching is the dominant route for soil organic carbon lateral transport under crop straw addition on sloping croplands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Keke ◽  
Zhu Bo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Crop Straw

Few field data sets are available that systematically measure soil organic carbon (SOC) transport via surface runoff, leaching and soil erosion under crop straw applications. Therefore, organic carbon (C) loss fluxes via the three routes were simultaneously observed from 2010 to 2012 based on a crop straw addition experiment. This study included three treatments: CK (no fertilizer); RSD (crop straw addition) and RSDNPK (crop straw addition combined with mineral fertilizers). As compared with CK treatment, annual dissolved organic C (DOC) loss caused by surface runoff under RSD and RSDNPK treatments decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by 302.8% and 294.2%. Similarly, corresponding organic C loss caused by soil erosion reduced sharply by 638.8% and 1227.3%. In contrast, corresponding annual DOC leaching fluxes increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by 133.3% and 109.3%. Overall, the total fluxes of SOC transport under RSD and RSDNPK treatments decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by 132.3% and 184.1% compared with CK treatment (4975.7 ± 1207.8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>). DOC leaching accounted for 70% and 77% of SOC transport under RSD and RSDNPK treatments. These results clearly show that leaching is the dominant route of SOC lateral transport under crop straw applications. Therefore, reduced DOC leaching is the crucial link to enhance SOC sequestration when crop straw is returned to sloping croplands.

scholarly journals Understanding of Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxane Fate in a High Latitude Lake Is Constrained by Uncertainty in Organic Carbon–Water Partitioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingjerd Sunde Krogseth ◽  
Michael John Whelan ◽  
Guttorm Normann Christensen ◽  
Knut Breivik ◽  
Anita Evenset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Water Partitioning
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