Molybdenum Disulfide-Enabled Activated Carbon: a Multifunctional Adsorbent for Practical Water Treatment Applications

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kfir Shapira ◽  
Ines Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adsorption Potential ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets

While molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets have demonstrated selective and efficient adsorption potential toward heavy metals, there are still many barriers—such as nanomaterial practicality, safety, and sustainability—to nanomaterials’ large-scale application in...

scholarly journals Fabrication of Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets and Application on Adsorption of Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyi Huang ◽  
Ziyun You ◽  
Yanting Jiang ◽  
Fuxiang Zhang ◽  
Kaiyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
Ultrathin Mos2 Nanosheets

Owing to their peculiar structural characteristics and potential applications in various fields, the ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets, a typical two-dimensional material, have attracted numerous attentions. In this paper, a hybrid strategy with combination of quenching process and liquid-based exfoliation was employed to fabricate the ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2 NS). The obtained MoS2 NS still maintained hexagonal phase (2H-MoS2) and exhibited evident thin layer-structure (1–2 layers) with inconspicuous wrinkle. Besides, the MoS2 NS dispersion showed excellent stability (over 60 days) and high concentration (0.65 ± 0.04 mg mL−1). The MoS2 NS dispersion also displayed evident optical properties, with two characteristic peaks at 615 and 670 nm, and could be quantitatively analyzed with the absorbance at 615 nm in the range of 0.01–0.5 mg mL−1. The adsorption experiments showed that the as-prepared MoS2 NS also exhibited remarkable adsorption performance on the dyes (344.8 and 123.5 mg g−1 of qm for methylene blue and methyl orange, respectively) and heavy metals (185.2, 169.5, and 70.4 mg g−1 of qm for Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ag+). During the adsorption, the main adsorption mechanisms involved the synergism of physical hole-filling effects and electrostatic interactions. This work provided an effective way for the large-scale fabrication of the two-dimensional nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by liquid exfoliation.

scholarly journals A study on adsorption of metals by activated carbon in a large-scale (municipal) process of surface water purification

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Dabioch ◽  
Robert Skorek ◽  
Andrzej Kita ◽  
Piotr Janoska ◽  
Katarzyna Pytlakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material

AbstractElements that enter the aquatic environment may pose a health risk to wildlife and humans. The aims of this study were: to determine how the introduction of activated carbon for a water purification system will improve the quality of the water produced; and to investigate the sorption of metals on activated carbons, including determination of the accumulation, as well as changes in concentrations of elements in carbons. The tests were carried out on three types of activated carbons with different granular structure. All samples were collected from Water Treatment Plant Goczalkowice, Poland. Concentrations of elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The experiment showed that metals accumulating in the activated carbons during the operation included: Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu. In each of the three types of carbons, it can distinguish such elements as Ba, Al, Cr, Ni, Ti, which are characterized by irregular accumulation during the operation of the filter. The introduction of carbon sorbent for water treatment largely contributed to improvement in the quality of raw material supplied to customers, mainly with regard to taste and smell, as well as to reduction of basic parameters: color, absorbance in the UV range and oxidability.

scholarly journals Rainwater as a Source of Drinking Water: Health Impacts and Rainwater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khayan Khayan ◽  
Adi Heru Husodo ◽  
Indwiani Astuti ◽  
Sudarmadji Sudarmadji ◽  
Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Media ◽  
Filtration Model

Rainwater is the main source of drinking water in tropical communities, especially in West Kalimantan. Air contamination causes rainwater to become acidic and cloudy and adds heavy metals such as Pb into rainwater. In addition to pollution, the way in which the rainwater is collected such as through zinc roofing also exposes the rainwater to heavy metals. The presence of Pb in rainwater will have an impact on the health of the community in the long run. The model of simple water treatment using filtration is needed to overcome this problem with the use of media available in the region. The media used are in the form of mollusk sand and activated carbon. In the end, the mollusk sand filtration model and activated carbon sorption were effectively used to filter polluted rainwater to be safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Application of Enhanced BAC Process for Improving Drinking Water Treatment Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-307
Author(s):  
Heejong Son ◽  
Eun-Young Jung ◽  
Hoon-Sik Yoom ◽  
Sang-Goo Kim ◽  
Sung Kyu Maeng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Nakdong River

Objectives:In this study, we compared the properties of the attached biofilm with the ability to remove biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in the conventional BAC (biologically activated carbon) process and the enhanced BAC process with phosphorus and hydrogen peroxide added. The enhanced BAC process was designed to increase the operational efficiency of the old O<sub>3</sub>/BAC process by evaluating the applicability of large-scale water treatment facilities located downstream of the Nakdong River.Methods:The granular activated carbon which was used for 2 years in the O<sub>3</sub>/BAC process in the water treatment plant located downstream of the Nakdong River was used in this experiment. During the experiment period, the ozone dosage was fixed at 1 mg･O<sub>3</sub>/mg･DOC. Four acrylic columns with an inner diameter of 20 cm and a height of 250 cm were prepared. Empty bed contact time (EBCT) was fixed at 20 minutes and backwash was performed once a week. The four BAC columns are conventional BAC (control-BAC), enhanced BAC with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC), enhanced BAC with phosphorus (PO<sub>4</sub>-P+BAC), and enhanced BAC with phosphorus and hydrogen peroxide together (PO<sub>4</sub>-P+H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC). In the case of enhanced BAC with PO<sub>4</sub>-P added, PO<sub>4</sub>-P was added with a concentration of 0.010 mg/L in the influent, and in BAC with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was added with a concentration of 1 mg/L to the influent.Results and Discussion:As a result of evaluating the recovery ability of the damaged biofilm, there was no difference in the biomass recovery rate in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC compared to the control-BAC, but the biomass was rapidly recovered in the PO<sub>4</sub>-P+BAC. Considered the biomass and activity of the attached biofilm after the ability to remove organic substances reached a steady state, the biomass and activity in the entire filter layer of the PO<sub>4</sub>-P+BAC increased by 20 to 86% and 7 to 14%, respectively, compared to the control-BAC. In the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC, only the activity increased by 3~11% and In the PO<sub>4</sub>-P+H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC, biomass and activity were high, about 27 to 87% and 8 to 20%, respectively. In the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC, the BDOC removal rate was higher than the control-BAC by 20%, and in the PO<sub>4</sub>-P+BAC, the BDOC removal rate increased by more than 100%. Detached total cell counts (TCC) in the control-BAC effluent was 41.7×10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL on average, and in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC, TCC was reduced by 49% compared to control-BAC and decreased by 67% and 85% in the PO<sub>4</sub>-P+BAC and the PO<sub>4</sub>-P+H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+BAC effluent. It means the biofilm of the enhanced BAC process was evaluated more stably than control-BAC.Conclusions:The biomass and the activity of the attached biofilm in the BAC process, are one of the important factors that determine the ability to remove contaminants. The enhanced BAC process combined PO<sub>4</sub>-P with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was very effective in enhancing the biomass and the activity of the attached biofilm. The PO<sub>4</sub>-P added enhanced BAC was more effective in terms of biomass, BDOC removal rate, and biofilm stability than the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> added enhanced BAC. The enhanced BAC combined PO<sub>4</sub>-P with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> showed a slight increase additional efficiency compared to the PO<sub>4</sub>-P added BAC.

Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cromphout ◽  
W. Rougge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Effective Water

In Harelbeke a Water Treatment Plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day, using Schelde river water has been in operation since April 1995. The treatment process comprises nitrification, dephosphatation by direct filtration, storage into a reservoir, direct filtration, granular activated carbon filtration and disinfection. The design of the three-layer direct filters was based on pilot experiments. The performance of the plant during the five years of operation is discussed. It was found that the removal of atrazin by activated carbon depends on the water temperature.

Stirring and aeration system for the upgrading of small waste water treatment plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Höfken ◽  
Katharina Zähringer ◽  
Franz Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Basic Fluid ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Technical Realization ◽  
Wide Range

A novel agitating system has been developed which allows for individual or combined operation of stirring and aeration processes. Basic fluid mechanical considerations led to the innovative hyperboloid design of the stirrer body, which ensures high efficiencies in the stirring and the aeration mode, gentle circulation with low shear forces, excellent controllability, and a wide range of applications. This paper presents the basic considerations which led to the operating principle, the technical realization of the system and experimental results in a large-scale plant. The characteristics of the system and the differences to other stirring and aeration systems are illustrated. Details of the technical realization are shown, which conform to the specific demands of applications in the biological treatment of waste water. Special regard is given to applications in the upgrading of small compact waste water treatment plants.

Practical Guide to Determine the Impact of Radon and Other Radionuclides on Water Treatment Processes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264
Author(s):  
K. L. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Radioactivity Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Removal

During treatment of groundwater, radon is often coincidentally removed by processes typically used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-for example, processes such as liquid-phase granular activated carbon (LGAC) adsorption and air stripping with vapor-phase carbon (VGAC). The removal of radon from drinking water is a positive benefit for the water user; however, the accumulation of radon on activated carbon may cause radiologic hazards for the water treatment plant operators and the spent carbon may be considered a low-level radioactive waste. To date, most literature on radon removal by water treatment processes was based on bench- or residential-scale systems. This paper addresses the impact of radon on municipal and industrial-scale applications. Available data have been used todevelop graphical methods of estimating the radioactivity exposure rates to facility operators and determine the fate of spent carbon. This paper will allow the reader to determine the potential for impact of radon on the system design and operation as follows.Estimate the percent removal of radon from water by LGAC adsorbers and packed tower air strippers. Also, a method to estimate the percent removal of radon by VGAC used for air stripper off-gas will be provided.Estimate if your local radon levels are such that the safety guidelines, suggested by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), of 25 mR/yr (0.1 mR/day) for radioactivity exposure may or may not be exceeded.Estimate the disposal requirements of the waste carbon for LGAC systems and VGAC for air stripper “Off-Gas” systems. Options for dealing with high radon levels are presented.

Design, Operating Results and Experiences of Two Large-Scale Treatment Plants with Biological Nitrogen and Phosphate Elimination

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
C. F. Seyfried ◽  
P. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This is a report on the design and operating results of two waste water treatment plants which make use of biological nitrogen and phosphate elimination. Both plants are characterized by load situations that are unfavourable for biological P elimination. The influent of the HILDESHEIM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT contains nitrates and little BOD5. Use of the ISAH process ensures the optimum exploitation of the easily degradable substrate for the redissolution of phosphates. Over 70 % phosphate elimination and effluent concentrations of 1.3 mg PO4-P/I have been achieved. Due to severe seasonal fluctuations in loading the activated sludge plant of the HUSUM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT has to be operated in the stabilization range (F/M ≤ 0.05 kg/(kg·d)) in order not to infringe the required effluent values of 3.9 mg NH4-N/l (2-h-average). The production of surplus sludge is at times too small to allow biological phosphate elimination to be effected in the main stream process. The CISAH (Combined ISAH) process is a combination of the fullstream with the side stream process. It is used in order to achieve the optimum exploitation of biological phosphate elimination by the precipitation of a stripped side stream with a high phosphate content when necessary.

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