scholarly journals The bioaccumulation testing strategy for nanomaterials: correlations with particle properties and a meta-analysis of in vitro fish alternatives to in vivo fish tests

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Handy ◽  
N. J. Clark ◽  
D. Boyle ◽  
J. Vassallo ◽  
C. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Particle Properties

This meta-analysis identifies linkages between the tiers in the bioaccumulation testing strategy.

scholarly journals Glycemic Index of Gluten-Free Bread and Their Main Ingredients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Bernardo Romão ◽  
Ana Luísa Falcomer ◽  
Gabriela Palos ◽  
Sandra Cavalcante ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Glycemic Profile

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the glycemic index (GI) of gluten-free bread (GFB) and its main ingredients. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, using seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, gray literature research with Google Scholar, and patents with Google Patent tool), from inception to November 2020. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria evaluating 132 GFB samples. Five articles tested GI in vivo, eleven in vitro; and two studies tested both methods. The analysis showed that 60.7% (95% CI: 40.2–78.1%) of the samples presented high glycemic indexes, evidencing a high glycemic profile for GFB. Only 18.2% (95% CI: 11.7–27.2%) of the bread samples presented in the studies were classified as a low GI. Meta-analysis presented moderate/low heterogenicity between studies (I2 = 61% and <1% for both high and low GIs) and reinforced the proportion of high GIs. Lower GIs were found in formulations based on Colocasia esculenta flour or enriched with fiber, yogurt and curd cheese, sourdough, psyllium, hydrocolloids, enzymes, fructans, and resistant starch, highlighting the efficacy of these ingredients to lower GFBs’ GI. GFB tends to present high GI, impacting the development of chronic diseases when consumed.

An Insight into Novel Sperm Cell Proteins as Bio-markers for Male Infertility: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Namit Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Proteins

: Male infertility is rising now-a-days and accounts for major part of infertility cases worldwide. Novel tests are being developed for better detection and management of male infertility. Though there are many tests available for diagnosing male infertility like acrosome reaction rate, hemizona assay, in vivo or in vitro sperm penetration assay, sperm DNA damage tests, but semen analysis is most commonly used initial test for male infertility. It is usually associated with failure to detect cause in many cases, as seminal composition gets affected by a number of factors and can give false reports. Furthermore, it does not give any information about defects in capacitation, sperm Zona Pellucida interaction and sperm’s ability to fertilize oocytes. This results in failure of detection and delayed management of male infertility. Hence, the present review was conducted to identify various sperm proteins that play significant role in spermatogenesis, sperm motility, sperm-Zona Pellucida interaction and fertilization. These proteins can be used in future as markers of male infertility and will aid in better detection and management of male infertility. Methodology: Search for literature was made from 1970 to 2020 from various databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google Scholar on sperm proteins and their role in male fertility using keywords: “sperm protein as bio-markers”, “novel sperm proteins as markers of infertility”, “Sperm proteins essential for capacitation, sperm motility and oocyte fertilization”. Inclusion criteria: All full-length research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis or abstracts on sperm proteins and male infertility published in English language in peer-reviewed journals were considered.

scholarly journals Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) Is Overexpressed in Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma (CNS-NB)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bailey ◽  
Amreena Suri ◽  
Pauline Chou ◽  
Tatiana Pundy ◽  
Samantha Gadd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Embryonal Brain

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, with rare occurrences of primary and metastatic tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported the overexpression of the polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) in embryonal brain tumors. PLK4 has also been found to be overexpressed in a variety of peripheral adult tumors and recently in peripheral NB. Here, we investigated PLK4 expression in NBs of the CNS (CNS-NB) and validated our findings by performing a multi-platform transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available data. We evaluated the PLK4 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on the CNS-NB samples and compared the relative expression levels among other embryonal and non-embryonal brain tumors. The relative PLK4 expression levels of the NB samples were found to be significantly higher than the non-embryonal brain tumors (p-value < 0.0001 in both our samples and in public databases). Here, we expand upon our previous work that detected PLK4 overexpression in pediatric embryonal tumors to include CNS-NB. As we previously reported, inhibiting PLK4 in embryonal tumors led to decreased tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, and therefore PLK4 may be a potential new therapeutic approach to CNS-NB.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Validity of Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Transillumination (DIFOTI) and Near-Infrared Light Transillumination (NILT) for Caries in Dentine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ana Marmaneu-Menero ◽  
José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽  
Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽  
José Carmelo Ortolá-Síscar ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The objective of the study is to analyse the available evidence for the validity of the transillumination method in the diagnosis of interproximal caries. Bibliographic searches were carried out in three data bases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus) with the key words “Transillumination AND caries”. A total of 11 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. In the qualitative analysis, both in vivo and in vitro studies were included. The gold standards were tomography, digital radiography, and clinical visual diagnosis. The meta-analysis determined the sensitivity, specificity, and area below the ROC curve relative to the transillumination method in the diagnosis of caries in dentine. Meta-analysis results obtained for transillumination gave a sensitivity value of 0.69 (confidence interval: 0.54–0.81), a specificity value of 0.89 (confidence interval: 0.61–0.98), while giving an AUC value of 0.79 (confidence interval: 0.67–0.87). Transillumination is a method offering moderate validity in the diagnosis of carious lesions in dentine, there is no strong evidence that may enable us to affirm that transillumination may fully substitute X-rays in the complementary diagnosis of carious lesions

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation of PVT1 on the Effect and Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evidence from Clinical Data, a Meta-Analysis of 840 Cases, and In Vivo Validation

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2216-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Dong-yue Wen ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Jia-cheng Huang ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Gene Microarray ◽  
Prediction Algorithms ◽  
Correlation Trend

Background/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a difficult problem that significantly affects the survival of the afflicted patients. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in HCC. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential roles of PVT1 in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. Methods: In this study, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to detect the differences between PVT1 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. Then, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were searched to confirm the relationship between PVT1 expression and HCC. Moreover, a meta-analysis comprising TCGA, GEO, and RT-qPCR was applied to estimate the expression of PVT1 in HCC. Then, cell proliferation was evaluated in vitro. A chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model of HCC was constructed to measure the effect on tumorigenicity in vivo. To further explore the sponge microRNA (miRNA) of PVT1 in HCC, we used TCGA, GEO, a gene microarray, and target prediction algorithms. TCGA and GEO and the gene microarray were used to select the differentially expressed miRNAs, and the different target prediction algorithms were applied to predict the target miRNAs of PVT1. Results: We found that PVT1 was markedly overexpressed in HCC tissue than in normal liver tissues based on both RT-qPCR and data from TCGA, and the overexpression of PVT1 was closely related to the gender and race of the patient as well as to higher HCC tumor grades. Also, a meta-analysis of 840 cases from multiple sources (TCGA, GEO and the results of our in-house RT-qPCR) showed that PVT1 gained moderate value in discriminating HCC patients from normal controls, confirming the results of RT-qPCR. Additionally, the upregulation of PVT1 could promote HCC cell proliferation in vitro and vivo. Based on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, the PVT1/miR-424-5p/INCENP axis was finally selected for further research. The in silico prediction revealed that there were complementary sequences between PVT1 and miR-424-5p as well as between miR-424-5p and INCENP. Furthermore, a negative correlation trend was found between miR-424-5p and PVT1 based on RT-qPCR, whereas a positive correlation trend was found between PVT1 and INCENP based on data from TCGA. Also, INCENP small interfering RNA (siRNA) could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and viability. Conclusions: We hypothesized that PVT1 could affect the biological function of HCC cells via targeting miR-424-5p and regulating INCENP. Focusing on the new insight of the PVT1/miR-424-5p/INCENP axis, this study provides a novel perspective for HCC therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Ascorbate as Prophylaxis and Therapy for COVID-19—Update From Shanghai and U.S. Medical Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 216495612093476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Z Cheng ◽  
Mikhail Kogan ◽  
Devra Davis
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Background No validated treatments have been identified for the COVID-19 pandemic virus; several are currently in randomized clinical trials. Diagnostic instruments are rapidly evolving. Symptoms range from those of a common cold to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), to sepsis arising from the flood of inflammatory bacterial and viral pathogens in the blood. Mortality generally arises from cytokine storms of uncontrolled inflammation, oxidative injury, and damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier, with secondary bacterial infection. To address the indisputably urgent need for therapeutics for COVID-19, a specialized interdisciplinary medical panel convened in Shanghai in March 2020 to consider all relevant clinical and experimental evidence on the possible utility of intravenous (IV) ascorbate in the treatment of COVID-19-related ARDS. Methods The panel convened multidisciplinary medical experts and reviewed all relevant in vitro, in vivo, clinical studies and randomized controlled trials on IV ascorbate and issued a consensus report on 23 March 2020 noting that substantial differences in serum concentrations of ascorbate are achieved through IV administration in contrast with the oral route. Findings The Shanghai panel, and a parallel medical group in Guangzhou, are advising the use of high-dose IV ascorbate for the treatment of ARDS, along with other supportive therapies, including Vitamin D and zinc. We report preliminary progress in using this treatment for 50 consecutive cases treated in Shanghai hospitals, consistent with earlier reports from a meta-analysis of the use of IV ascorbate to treat sepsis. We provide an instructive clinical anecdote regarding a single family where one elderly member with cardiac and other major comorbidities developed and survived ARDS-related sepsis following daily treatments that included 15 g of IV ascorbate. None of her adult caregivers who had ingested between 2 and 10 g of ascorbate daily developed COVID-19.

scholarly journals Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Riccelli ◽  
Matteo Goldoni ◽  
Diana Poli ◽  
Paola Mozzoni ◽  
Delia Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Welding Fumes

(1) Background: Welding fumes (WFs) are composed of fine and ultrafine particles, which may reach the distal airways and represent a risk factor for respiratory diseases. (2) Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies to understand WFs pathogenesis were selected. Epidemiological studies, original articles, review, and meta-analysis to examine solely respiratory disease in welders were included. A systematic literature search, using PubMed, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center (NIOSHTIC), and Web of Science databases, was performed. (3) Results: Dose, time of exposure, and composition of WFs affect lung injury. Inflammation, lung defense suppression, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxic effects were observed after exposure both to mild and stainless steel WFs. (4) Conclusions: The detection of lung diseases associated with specific occupational exposure is crucial as complete avoidance or reduction of the exposure is difficult to achieve. Further studies in the area of particle research may aid the understanding of mechanisms involved in welding-related lung disease and to expand knowledge in welding-related cardiovascular diseases.

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