scholarly journals Natural Greenhouse Gas and Ozone-depleting Substance Sources and Sinks from the Peat Bogs of Connermara, Ireland from 1994-2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Derwent ◽  
Peter Simmonds ◽  
Simon O'Doherty ◽  
Gerard Spain ◽  
Dickon Young
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substance

The peat bogs of Connemara in the vicinity of the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic Ocean coastline of Ireland act as natural sources and sinks of greenhouse...

Methane emissions from peat bogs in the vicinity of the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station over a 12-year period

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 2328-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Derwent ◽  
P.G. Simmonds ◽  
A.J. Manning ◽  
S. O'Doherty ◽  
G. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research

Analysis and interpretation of 25 years of ozone observations at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ireland from 1987 to 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Derwent ◽  
Alistair J. Manning ◽  
Peter G. Simmonds ◽  
T. Gerard Spain ◽  
Simon O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research

scholarly journals XCO2 retrieved from IASI using KLIMA algorithm

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Del Bianco ◽  
Bruno Carli ◽  
Marco Gai ◽  
Lucia Maria Laurenza ◽  
Ugo Cortesi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is the main greenhouse gas released into the Earth’s atmosphere by human activities. The concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere depends on the balance of natural sources and sinks, which are being perturbed by anthropogenic forcing due to fossil fuel burning, uncontrolled urban development, deforestation and other land use changes. An improvement in our understanding of processes responsible for absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> is urgently needed both for a reliable estimate of future CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and for the enforcement of effective international agreements for its containment. [...]

scholarly journals Simultaneous shipborne measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO and their application to improving greenhouse-gas flux estimates in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 7055-7072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bukosa ◽  
Nicholas M. Deutscher ◽  
Jenny A. Fisher ◽  
Dagmar Kubistin ◽  
Clare Paton-Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Carbon Gases

Abstract. Quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases is essential for predicting greenhouse-gas–climate feedback processes and their impacts on climate variability and change. Australia plays a significant role in driving variability in global carbon cycling, but the budgets of carbon gases in Australia remain highly uncertain. Here, shipborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer measurements collected around Australia are used together with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to analyse the variability of three direct and indirect carbon greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). Using these measurements, we provide an updated distribution of these gases. From the model, we quantify their sources and sinks, and we exploit the benefits of multi-species analysis to explore co-variations to constrain relevant processes. We find that for all three gases, the eastern Australian coast is largely influenced by local anthropogenic sources, while the southern, western and northern coasts are characterised by a mixture of anthropogenic and natural sources. Comparing coincident and co-located enhancements in the three carbon gases highlighted several common sources from the Australian continent. We found evidence for 17 events with similar enhancement patterns indicative of co-emission and calculated enhancement ratios and modelled source contributions for each event. We found that anthropogenic co-enhancement events are common along the eastern coast, while co-enhancement events in the tropics primarily derive from biomass burning sources. While the GEOS-Chem model generally reproduced the timing of co-enhancement events, it was less able to reproduce the magnitude of enhancements. We used these differences to identify underestimated, overestimated and missing processes in the model. We found model overestimates of CH4 from coal burning and underestimates of all three gases from biomass burning. We identified missing sources from fossil fuel, biofuel, oil, gas, coal, livestock, biomass burning and the biosphere in the model, pointing to the need to further develop and evaluate greenhouse-gas emission inventories for the Australian continent.

scholarly journals Measurement and interpretation of gas phase formaldehyde concentrations obtained during the CHABLIS campaign in coastal Antarctica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 4085-4093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Salmon ◽  
S. J.-B. Bauguitte ◽  
W. Bloss ◽  
M. A. Hutterli ◽  
A. E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Steady State Analysis ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Data Coverage ◽  
Absolute Concentrations ◽  
Instrumental Detection Limit ◽  
Phase Production

Abstract. Gas phase formaldehyde concentrations were measured during the 2004–2005 CHABLIS campaign at Halley research station, Antarctica. Data coverage span from May 2004 through to January 2005, thus capturing the majority of the year, with a wintertime minimum of near or below the instrumental detection limit rising to between 50 and 200 pptv during the austral summer. Factors controlling HCHO concentration include local chemical sources and sinks, and exchange with the snow surface. The measured seasonality is in line with previous observations from Neumayer station, with maximum in summer and minimum during the winter months, but with lower absolute concentrations throughout the year. The gas-phase production of HCHO was dominated by methane oxidation and a steady-state analysis showed that reactions of iodine and bromine species substantially reduced the predicted HCHO levels based upon in situ chemistry. This indicates a substantial additional HCHO source to be present that could be explained by a snowpack source.

Experimental study of methane emission from lake seeps of Western Siberia permafrost zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Krivenok ◽  
Vladimir Kazantsev ◽  
Yury Dvornikov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Methane Hydrates ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Natural Sources

&lt;p&gt;Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases affecting climate change. According to different estimates, natural sources contribute 35&amp;#8211;50% to global CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission. Among them, the third-biggest source is lakes emitting to the atmosphere 10&amp;#8211;50 TgCH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; per year [Anderson et al., 2010].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have discovered two gas seeps during the summer 2019 field campaign within the lake near the Vas&amp;#8217;kiny Dachi research station (Central Yamal, Western Siberia). Measurement of the ebullition intensity in tenfold replicate and gas sampling were carried out using a bubble trap of the original design. The concentration of methane in seep gas was determined by a Crystal 5000.2 gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector; each sample was diluted tenfold with air. We calculated the annual CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux from seep to the atmosphere with the consideration of the intensity of seep ebullition and the methane concentration in gas equal during the year. To determine the potential source of the gas, we analyzed the isotopic composition of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;D) by a Delta-V mass spectrometer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The values (median &amp;#177; SD) of the gas ebullition are 175 &amp;#177; 26 mL/min and 127 &amp;#177; 10 mL/min for the first and second seeps respectively. The methane concentration in gas is 95&amp;#8211;100%. The intensity of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission from the first seep is 89.7 thousand L or 64 kg per year; from the second seep is 65.1 thousand L or 46.5 kg per year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Analysis of the content of &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;D isotopes in methane gives the following results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;For the first seep: &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C vs VPDB, &amp;#8240; = &amp;#8722;75.73, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;D vs VSMOW, &amp;#8240; = &amp;#8722;226.68.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;For the second seep: &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C vs VPDB, &amp;#8240; = &amp;#8722;76.97, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;/em&gt;D vs VSMOW, &amp;#8240; = &amp;#8722;222.31.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to the classification from [Whiticar, 1999], seep methane is of biogenic origin. Potentially, gas could migrate to the lake surface through sub-lake talik from the underlying geological horizon containing methane hydrates in self-preserved form as widely documented for this area [Chuvilin et al., 2000].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, lake seeps of the Western Siberia tundra zone have been studied as a source of the atmospheric methane for the first time. Considering the occurrence of methane hydrates withing permafrost in the study area, we describe a path of the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; release from decomposing gas hydrates into the atmosphere in the northern part of Western Siberia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was partially supported by the RAS Program no. 20 and the state contract of the IAP RAS no. 075-03-2019-628.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anderson B., Bartlett K., Frolking S. et al. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from natural sources. Washington: EPA. 2010. 194 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chuvilin E.M., Yakushev V.S., Perlova E.V. Gas and possible gas hydrates in the permafrost of Bovanenkovo gas field, Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia // Polarforschung. 2000. V. 68. P. 215&amp;#8211;219.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whiticar M. Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane. Chemical Geology. 1999. V. 161. P. 291&amp;#8211;314.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Inner-tropical ozone measurements at the Mérida Atmospheric Research Station (MARS) using ground-based microwave radiometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 4019-4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kopp ◽  
S. M. Calderón ◽  
J. Gross ◽  
G. Hochschild ◽  
P. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiometry ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research

Trends over a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007 in surface ozone at the atmospheric research station, Mace Head, Ireland

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (39) ◽  
pp. 9091-9098 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Derwent ◽  
P.G. Simmonds ◽  
A.J. Manning ◽  
T.G. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Atmospheric Research
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