Key factors in the synthesis of polycyclic iridaaromatics via the methoxyalkenylcarbene pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Talavera ◽  
Krystal M. Cid-Seara ◽  
Ángeles Peña-Gallego ◽  
Sandra Bolaño
Keyword(s):  
Key Factors ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Made In

Polycyclic iridaaromatic compounds are of high interest not only because of the contributions made in “aromatic chemistry” but also because of the possibility of improving the results of the applications...

scholarly journals Least-looping stepping-stone-based ASM approach for transportation and triangular intuitionistic fuzzy transportation problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar Nath Das ◽  
Rajeev Das ◽  
Debi Prasanna Acharjya
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Solution Quality ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Made In

AbstractTransportation problem (TP) is a popular branch of Linear Programming Problem in the field of Transportation engineering. Over the years, attempts have been made in finding improved approaches to solve the TPs. Recently, in Quddoos et al. (Int J Comput Sci Eng (IJCSE) 4(7): 1271–1274, 2012), an efficient approach, namely ASM, is proposed for solving crisp TPs. However, it is found that ASM fails to provide better optimal solution in some cases. Therefore, a new and efficient ASM appoach is proposed in this paper to enhance the inherent mechanism of the existing ASM method to solve both crisp TPs and Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Transportation Problems (TIFTPs). A least-looping stepping-stone method has been employed as one of the key factors to improve the solution quality, which is an improved version of the existing stepping-stone method (Roy and Hossain in, Operation research Titus Publication, 2015). Unlike stepping stone method, least-looping stepping-stone method only deals with few selected non-basic cells under some prescribed conditions and hence minimizes the computational burden. Therefore, the framework of the proposed method (namely LS-ASM) is a combination of ASM (Quddoos et al. 2012) and least-looping stepping-stone approach. To validate the performance of LS-ASM, a set of six case studies and a real-world problem (those include both crisp TPs and TIFTPs) have been solved. The statistical results obtained by LS-ASM have been well compared with the existing popular modified distribution (MODI) method and the original ASM method, as well. The statistical results confirm the superiority of the LS-ASM over other compared algorithms with a less computationl effort.

scholarly journals Microbial-Driven Stabilisation of Archaeological Iron Artefacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-292
Author(s):  
Sarah James ◽  
Edith Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Passivation Layers ◽  
Archaeological Iron ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Sulphur Species ◽  
Partial Success ◽  
Made In

The instability of iron artefacts is rooted in salt contamination during burial and damages associated with exposure to alternative oxygen levels and high relative humidity once excavated. While a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments is utilised to remove the harmful ions (chlorides, sulphur species) and excess bulky corrosion products, these methods can be hazardous for conservation staff’s health, have limited success, or require extensive treatment times. Bio-based treatments provide a potentially greener alternative for removing damaging corrosion and creating biogenic mineral passivation layers, thus remediating concerns over costs, duration, and health and safety. Pseudomonas putida mt-2 (KT2440) is capable of utilising iron under certain conditions and for phosphating mild steel; however, applications have not been made in the cultural heritage sector. To address the potential of using bacteria for conservation purposes, Pseudomonas was assessed for both the bioremediation of salt contaminates and the production of a passivation layer suitable for iron artefacts, with specific conservation concerns in mind. Key factors for optimisation include the role of agitation, chloride content, and oxygen content on bacterial growth and biomineralisation. The initial results indicate a growth preference, not reliance, for NaCl and agitation with partial success of bioconversion of a mineral source.

scholarly journals Prospective analysis of the advertising sector: reality and trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Eva Santana-López ◽  
Jordi Botey-López ◽  
Nina Surinyac-Carandell ◽  
Pedro Mir-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Media ◽  
Made In

The advertising sector is immersed in a period of change in various ways, from a structural level to the type of insertions to be made in the media. Methodologically, the qualitative Delphi technique is applied herein, being the most recommended prospective approach for such emerging research topics. It is concluded that the key factors that define the advertising sector are digital transformation and the business model, to include three years from now, personalization, automation, and programming. Social networks are rising to become the communication channel that most uses advertising, and strategy stands out among the knowledge, skills, and competences that the advertising professional must obtain in the future.

scholarly journals A Comparative Institutional Approach to Law and Legal Institutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
George Barker
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Made In

The late 1980s and early 1990s saw a revolution in economic policy and a transformation of the New Zealand economy. Such events also involved a revolution in legal thought and analysis. This article brings the main elements of this new economic approach to law and policy to a wider audience. It seeks to review the main features of the recent and significant advances that have been made in the economic analysis of organisations and institutions. The article first discusses the fundamental factors which must be recognised as constraints on the ability to secure an ideal society. It then discusses how private arrangements seek to overcome these constraints and the limits to their success. The role of the state in alleviating or overcoming problems with private solutions is also discussed, with the author stressing the need to recognise that the state is not an omniscient and omnipotent solver of social problems. The author concludes that the analysis of government and government policy needs to be based on a comparative institutional approach involving an assessment of institutional structures according to the processes and outcomes they involve, utilising generally accepted criteria for making social choices. Key factors that must be considered in comparing alternative means for achieving social goals are identified. 

scholarly journals Flow structure around an actual willow patch under different depth conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02049
Author(s):  
Chanjoo Lee ◽  
Donggu Kim ◽  
Sungjung Kim ◽  
Un Ji ◽  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Natural Channel ◽  
Made In

Vegetation is one of the key factors in river management where environmental aspects as well as flood protection should be taken into consideration. Because of this, numerous studies have been done including experiments and hydrodynamic modelling. Because most of experimental studies were made in indoor laboratory flumes with artificial trees, there are still limitations in transfer of their result to actual channels. REC (River Experiment Center) of Korea has been operating three real-scale, nature-like outdoor experimental channels. In a straight channel, several 4x2 m actual willow patches were planted and have been grown last three years for studies on flow vegetation interaction. A set of intensive flow measurement was made around the first upstream willow patch using ADVs together with measurement of vegetation properties. The experiments were made under several different depth conditions simulating snow-melt and flash-flood. Distribution of flow around and through the patch was characterized along with vertical profiles. The results of the experiment enhance understanding on interaction of flow and actual vegetation in a natural channel and may also provide information on flow resistance used for hydrodynamic modelling and validation.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Key Factors of Intelligent Upgrade of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Wang ◽  
Minghuan Shou ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Ruinan Dai ◽  
Keqian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Cost ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
New Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Industry ◽  
Made In

Promoting the intelligent upgrades of small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the important tasks of implementing “Made in China 2025” in China. As a front runner of nation-level reform, Zhejiang Province has provided much room for innovation and development, along with the emergence of a new type of ecology, accelerated formation of two ecosystems and international cooperation, and a supportive policy environment. Therefore, this paper uses 173 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) from Zhejiang Province as the research objects, builds a binary selection model, and analyzes the dynamic and constraining mechanism of intelligent upgrades of SMEs with regard to employee qualification, technology, capital, policy environment, and so on. The study finds that: First, among three main industries, manufacturing is the major industry for the intelligent upgrades of SMEs and there are significant demonstration effects and industry heterogeneity. Secondly, the willingness to upgrade intelligently for SMEs is relatively strong. More than half of SMEs that have not intelligently upgraded show willingness to implement intelligent upgrades. Thirdly, factors such as corporate profitability, human capital quality, and industry intelligence level have significantly promoted the intelligent upgrades of SMEs, while the impact of labor cost, capital structure, government subsidies, and other variables are not significant. This conclusion still works after a number of robustness tests. Last but not least, based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations which are practically beneficial to the development of SMEs in China.

Acute wards: problems and solutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Rix ◽  
Geoff Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Organisational Change ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
South East England ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Made In

Aims and MethodTo develop an evidence-based approach that supports the improvement of front-line delivery of adult acute in-patient services. Key factors of effective organisational change were identified from the literature. These were adopted as part of an ‘evidence-based service development’ programme. This approach was used by the Health Advisory Service in a project with an NHS Trust in south east England.ResultsSignificant progress was made in improving the quality of local acute in-patient services.Clinical ImplicationsFurther development and evaluation of this approach should be undertaken, since it seems to offer significant opportunities to deliver real improvements in the quality of services.

scholarly journals Conflicts in the Middle East: prospects for escalation in the context of general regional instability in the 2020s

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
A. Malashenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Made In

The article analyses Middle Eastern conflicts in the early 2020s. The main focus is on the situation in Syria, Libya, and Yemen, three Middle Eastern conflicts that are progressing, with no solution in sight. These conflicts motivated by social, economic and political reasons became a progression of those protests that have started in 2011 and have been called “The Arab Spring”. These “revolutions” have been promoted by Islamist movements and groups whose activity became one of key factors of perpetual tensions in the region. So far, attempts by conflict parties to find consensual solutions have remained rather unsuccessful. Positive resolution of actual and potential conflicts in the Greater Middle East to a significant extent still depends on external regional and non-regional actors, such as Russia, Turkey, Iran, and the United States. However, each actor involved in these conflicts and in conflict management pursues its own goals. These actors try to retain their positions and influence in these Middle Eastern countries and in the region as a whole. According to the forecast made in the article, more conflicts in the region may be foreseen (in Iraq, the Persian Gulf states etc.) that could form the next wave of the “Arab Spring”.

scholarly journals Key sur(VIR)val factors in water supply companies: some lessons from Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Chudziński ◽  
Szymon Cyfert ◽  
Wojciech Dyduch ◽  
Maciej Zastempowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Managerial Decision Making ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Made In

Abstract This paper presents the outcomes of research on managerial decisions that were made as a first reaction to the economic crisis caused by the SARS-Cov-19 virus (the coronacrisis). The research was carried out among 116 companies from the water supply sector operating in Poland that includes water supply and sewage. The results indicate which elements were perceived by managers as key factors for survival and further functioning. It is clear that the most frequent managerial decisions made were reducing investments and sending employees for home office work, as well as prolonging the payment deadlines. Interestingly, investment reductions were accompanied by sustaining the R&D expenses, as the researched organisations desired to stay competitive and innovative right after the crisis. Only a few of the water supply companies decided to make workers redundant, as the majority declared the intent to protect the workforce, e.g. by sending employees on leave. The research has also shown that the companies approached the coronacrisis rather methodologically and systematically, which indicates a good level of managerial decision-making under pressure, overall enterprise preparedness for crisis situations, as well as staff involvement. Based on our research, we offer some recommendations concerning how the water supply sector organisations can prepare for similar crises in the future. Our research indicates that the decisions made had the following goals in mind: protecting workforce and sustaining cash flow, as well as securing competitive position after the crisis. Our research also focuses on the necessary decisions to be made in water supply companies before the next crises.

scholarly journals Microstructure of Joints Made in High-Strength Steels Using the Robotic Laser Beam Welding Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Lechosław Tuz ◽  
Krzysztof Sulikowski
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Made In

The paper presents the evaluation of weldability of unalloyed high strength heat-treated steels using of a laser beam welding robotic station. The key factors and properties affecting the usability of the aforesaid welding technology when welding the above-named steels were identified on the basis of the assessment of the microstructure and the measurements of hardness distribution in the related butt welded joints.

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