scholarly journals Salt bridge dynamics in nonspecific protein/DNA binding: a comparative analysis of Elk1 and ETV6

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam D Vo ◽  
Amelia Lauren Schneider ◽  
W. David Wilson ◽  
Gregory Poon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Protein Residues ◽  
Phosphodiester Backbone ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions ◽  
Mobile Ions ◽  
Bridge Dynamics

Electrostatic protein/DNA interactions arise from the neutralization of the DNA phosphodiester backbone as well as coupled exchanges by charged protein residues as salt bridges or with mobile ions. Much focus...

scholarly journals Protein–DNA Interactions: The Story so Far and a New Method for Prediction

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Jones ◽  
Janet M. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Accessible Surface Area ◽  
New Method ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Binding Function ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions ◽  
Template Library ◽  
Accessible Surface ◽  
Complete Protein

This review describes methods for the prediction of DNA binding function, and specifically summarizes a new method using 3D structural templates. The new method features the HTH motif that is found in approximately one-third of DNAbinding protein families. A library of 3D structural templates of HTH motifs was derived from proteins in the PDB. Templates were scanned against complete protein structures and the optimal superposition of a template on a structure calculated. Significance thresholds in terms of a minimum root mean squared deviation (rmsd) of an optimal superposition, and a minimum motif accessible surface area (ASA), have been calculated. In this way, it is possible to scan the template library against proteins of unknown function to make predictions about DNA-binding functionality.

scholarly journals Overlapping and CpG methylation-sensitive protein-DNA interactions at the histone H4 transcriptional cell cycle domain: distinctions between two human H4 gene promoters.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3273-3287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J van Wijnen ◽  
F M van den Ent ◽  
J B Lian ◽  
J L Stein ◽  
G S Stein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions ◽  
Diploid Cells

Transcriptional regulation of vertebrate histone genes during the cell cycle is mediated by several factors interacting with a series of cis-acting elements located in the 5' regions of these genes. The arrangement of these promoter elements is different for each gene. However, most histone H4 gene promoters contain a highly conserved sequence immediately upstream of the TATA box (H4 subtype consensus sequence), and this region in the human H4 gene FO108 is involved in cell cycle control. The sequence-specific interaction of nuclear factor HiNF-D with this key proximal promoter element of the H4-FO108 gene is cell cycle regulated in normal diploid cells (J. Holthuis, T.A. Owen, A.J. van Wijnen, K.L. Wright, A. Ramsey-Ewing, M.B. Kennedy, R. Carter, S.C. Cosenza, K.J. Soprano, J.B. Lian, J.L. Stein, and G.S. Stein, Science, 247:1454-1457, 1990). Here, we show that this region of the H4-FO108 gene represents a composite protein-DNA interaction domain for several distinct sequence-specific DNA-binding activities, including HiNF-D, HiNF-M, and HiNF-P. Factor HiNF-P is similar to H4TF-2, a DNA-binding activity that is not cell cycle regulated and that interacts with the analogous region of the H4 gene H4.A (F. LaBella and N. Heintz, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5825-5831, 1991). The H4.A gene fails to interact with factors HiNF-M and HiNF-D owing to two independent sets of specific nucleotide variants, indicating differences in protein-DNA interactions between these H4 genes. Cytosine methylation of a highly conserved CpG dinucleotide interferes with binding of HiNF-P/H4TF-2 to both the H4-FO108 and H4.A promoters, but no effect is observed for either HiNF-M or HiNF-D binding to the H4-FO108 gene. Thus, strong evolutionary conservation of the H4 consensus sequence may be related to combinatorial interactions involving overlapping and interdigitated recognition nucleotides for several proteins, whose activities are regulated independently. Our results also suggest molecular complexity in the transcriptional regulation of distinct human H4 genes.

scholarly journals Overlapping and CpG methylation-sensitive protein-DNA interactions at the histone H4 transcriptional cell cycle domain: distinctions between two human H4 gene promoters

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3273-3287
Author(s):  
A J van Wijnen ◽  
F M van den Ent ◽  
J B Lian ◽  
J L Stein ◽  
G S Stein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions ◽  
Diploid Cells

Transcriptional regulation of vertebrate histone genes during the cell cycle is mediated by several factors interacting with a series of cis-acting elements located in the 5' regions of these genes. The arrangement of these promoter elements is different for each gene. However, most histone H4 gene promoters contain a highly conserved sequence immediately upstream of the TATA box (H4 subtype consensus sequence), and this region in the human H4 gene FO108 is involved in cell cycle control. The sequence-specific interaction of nuclear factor HiNF-D with this key proximal promoter element of the H4-FO108 gene is cell cycle regulated in normal diploid cells (J. Holthuis, T.A. Owen, A.J. van Wijnen, K.L. Wright, A. Ramsey-Ewing, M.B. Kennedy, R. Carter, S.C. Cosenza, K.J. Soprano, J.B. Lian, J.L. Stein, and G.S. Stein, Science, 247:1454-1457, 1990). Here, we show that this region of the H4-FO108 gene represents a composite protein-DNA interaction domain for several distinct sequence-specific DNA-binding activities, including HiNF-D, HiNF-M, and HiNF-P. Factor HiNF-P is similar to H4TF-2, a DNA-binding activity that is not cell cycle regulated and that interacts with the analogous region of the H4 gene H4.A (F. LaBella and N. Heintz, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5825-5831, 1991). The H4.A gene fails to interact with factors HiNF-M and HiNF-D owing to two independent sets of specific nucleotide variants, indicating differences in protein-DNA interactions between these H4 genes. Cytosine methylation of a highly conserved CpG dinucleotide interferes with binding of HiNF-P/H4TF-2 to both the H4-FO108 and H4.A promoters, but no effect is observed for either HiNF-M or HiNF-D binding to the H4-FO108 gene. Thus, strong evolutionary conservation of the H4 consensus sequence may be related to combinatorial interactions involving overlapping and interdigitated recognition nucleotides for several proteins, whose activities are regulated independently. Our results also suggest molecular complexity in the transcriptional regulation of distinct human H4 genes.

scholarly journals The geometric influence on the Cys2His2 zinc finger domain and functional plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 6382-6402
Author(s):  
April L Mueller ◽  
Carles Corbi-Verge ◽  
David O Giganti ◽  
David M Ichikawa ◽  
Jeffrey M Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Fingers ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Natural Geometry ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions

Abstract The Cys2His2 zinc finger is the most common DNA-binding domain expanding in metazoans since the fungi human split. A proposed catalyst for this expansion is an arms race to silence transposable elements yet it remains poorly understood how this domain is able to evolve the required specificities. Likewise, models of its DNA binding specificity remain error prone due to a lack of understanding of how adjacent fingers influence each other's binding specificity. Here, we use a synthetic approach to exhaustively investigate binding geometry, one of the dominant influences on adjacent finger function. By screening over 28 billion protein–DNA interactions in various geometric contexts we find the plasticity of the most common natural geometry enables more functional amino acid combinations across all targets. Further, residues that define this geometry are enriched in genomes where zinc fingers are prevalent and specificity transitions would be limited in alternative geometries. Finally, these results demonstrate an exhaustive synthetic screen can produce an accurate model of domain function while providing mechanistic insight that may have assisted in the domains expansion.

scholarly journals Molecular dynamics studies on the DNA-binding process of ERG

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3600-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias G. Beuerle ◽  
Neil P. Dufton ◽  
Anna M. Randi ◽  
Ian R. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Binding Process ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions

Molecular dynamics study elucidating the mechanistic background of the DNA-binding process and the sequence specificity of the transcription factor ERG. Along with the biological findings the capabilities of unbiased DNA-binding simulations in combination with various means of analysis in the field of protein DNA-interactions are shown.

scholarly journals Scanning Mutagenesis of Mcm1: Residues Required for DNA Binding, DNA Bending, and Transcriptional Activation by a MADS-Box Protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Acton ◽  
Janet Mead ◽  
Andrew M. Steiner ◽  
Andrew K. Vershon
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Dna Bending ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions

ABSTRACT MCM1 is an essential gene in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae and is a member of the MADS-box family of transcriptional regulatory factors. To understand the nature of the protein-DNA interactions of this class of proteins, we have made a series of alanine substitutions in the DNA-binding domain of Mcm1 and examined the effects of these mutations in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate which residues of Mcm1 are important for viability, transcriptional activation, and DNA binding and bending. Substitution of residues in Mcm1 which are highly conserved among the MADS-box proteins are lethal to the cell and abolish DNA binding in vitro. These positions have almost identical interactions with DNA in both the serum response factor-DNA and α2-Mcm1-DNA crystal structures, suggesting that these residues make up a conserved core of protein-DNA interactions responsible for docking MADS-box proteins to DNA. Substitution of residues which are not as well conserved among members of the MADS-box family play important roles in contributing to the specificity of DNA binding. These results suggest a general model of how MADS-box proteins recognize and bind DNA. We also provide evidence that the N-terminal extension of Mcm1 may have considerable conformational freedom, possibly to allow binding to different DNA sites. Finally, we have identified two mutants at positions which are critical for Mcm1-mediated DNA bending that have a slow-growth phenotype. This finding is consistent with our earlier results, indicating that DNA bending may have a role in Mcm1 function in the cell.

scholarly journals DNB-based on-chip motif finding: A high-throughput method to profile different types of protein-DNA interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. eabb3350
Author(s):  
Zhuokun Li ◽  
Xiaojue Wang ◽  
Dongyang Xu ◽  
Dengwei Zhang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Motif Finding ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Protospacer Adjacent Motif ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Here, we report a sensitive DocMF system that uses next-generation sequencing chips to profile protein-DNA interactions. Using DocMF, we successfully identified a variety of endonuclease recognition sites and the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences of different CRISPR systems. DocMF can simultaneously screen both 5′ and 3′ PAMs with high coverage. For SpCas9, we found noncanonical 5′-NAG-3′ (~5%) and 5′-NGA-3′ (~1.6%), in addition to its common PAMs, 5′-NGG-3′ (~89.9%). More relaxed PAM sequences of two uncharacterized Cas endonucleases, VeCas9 and BvCas12a, were extensively characterized using DocMF. Moreover, we observed that dCas9, a DNA binding protein lacking endonuclease activity, preferably bound to the previously reported 5′-NGG-3′ sequence. In summary, our studies demonstrate that DocMF is the first tool with the capacity to exhaustively assay both the binding and the cutting properties of different DNA binding proteins.

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