Electrochemical trifluoromethylation/cyclization for the synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3-diones and oxindoles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingmin Wang ◽  
Yuan-Qiang Guo ◽  
Ruiguo Wang ◽  
Hongjian Song ◽  
Yu-Xiu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Reduction

Herein, we describe a protocol for electrochemical cathode reduction to generate trifluoromethyl radicals. The trifluoromethylation reagent (IMDN-SO2CF3) used in this strategy is inexpensive and easy to obtain, and the reaction...

The Photoluminescence Enhancement and Stability of Porous Silicon by Cathodic Reduction and Acid Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
Chang Qing Li ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Pei Jia Liu ◽  
Qi Ming
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Cathodic Reduction ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Photoluminescence Enhancement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cathode Reduction

Porous silicon (PSi) was fabricated by using electrochemical anodic etching method. Then acid treatment and cathode reduction treatment were employed to improve the luminescence properties and stability of PSi material. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the luminescence properties and microstructure of samples, respectively. The results of PL measurements showed that the PL intensity and the stability of luminescence of samples after cathodic reduction and acid treatment were significantly improved. The SEM images showed that the porosity of PSi may be increased through the cathodic reduction treated.

scholarly journals Сitric acid influence on electroreduction processes in low concentrated Cu(NO3)2 solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Alla Pravda ◽  
Vasil Larin
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Copper Electrodeposition ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cathode Reduction

Physico-chemical regularities citric acid influence on processes of copper and nitrate-ions reduction in low concentrated nitrate solutions were established. An influence of pH value on inhibitor action of low concentrations of the additive according to cathode reduction reaction of nitrate-ions, on kinetics of copper electrodeposition, on structure of the precipitates obtained was shown. Polarization measurements show us changes of copper electrodeposition at introduction of citric acid in Cu(NO3)2 solution. By the methods of traced elements and extraction into aqueous phase the reversible inclusion complexes into electrolytic copper, was established that proves participation of complexes in cathode process.

Liquid-Phase Oxidative Degradation of the Damaged or Expired Medicinal Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Volgina ◽  
Viktor T. Novikov ◽  
Oksana Yu. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Cathode Reduction

A method of oxidative mineralization of the salicylic acid and its derivatives as well as medicinal products containing salicylic acid as the active ingredient was investigated. Destruction of the organic compounds is possible both in the electrolyte under the oxidant, electrochemically formed in situ in the sulphuric acid solutions, and at the anode so. Simultaneously, at the cathode, reduction of the zinc ions, contained in a number of medicinal products, is possible. Final products of the oxidation are simple non-toxic organic compounds, carbon dioxide, and water. This process is the most effective in the 40% sulphuric acid at the current density of 0.5–0.8 A/cm2 and the temperature of 30–50 °C.

The mechanism of cathode reduction of oxygen in a carbon carrier-laccase system

FEBS Letters ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Kuznetsov ◽  
V.A. Bogdanovskaya ◽  
M.R. Tarasevich ◽  
E.F. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Carrier ◽  
Cathode Reduction

An overview of metal oxide materials as electrocatalysts and supports for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2535-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Junjie Gu ◽  
Liang Su ◽  
Lifeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxide Materials ◽  
Reduction Reactions ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Anode Oxidation ◽  
Cathode Reduction

In this review, we discuss the use of binary and multi-component metal oxides as independent electrocatalysts, co-catalysts and supports for various anode oxidation and cathode reduction reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Cathode Reduction of Ce(III) Ions in Fused 3LiCl–2KCl Eutectic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
pp. 910-913
Author(s):  
A. V. Novoselova ◽  
V. V. Smolenski ◽  
A. L. Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Reduction

Plasma Modification of Catalysts for Cathode Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide in Fuel Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. S94-S98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Brüser ◽  
Natalie Savastenko ◽  
Andreas Schmuhl ◽  
Henrik Junge ◽  
Iris Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Plasma Modification ◽  
Cathode Reduction ◽  
Modification Of Catalysts

Behaviour of selenium and tellurium in copper electrowinning process

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
B. E. Zatitskiy ◽  
◽  
O. A. Trubina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Application ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cathode Copper ◽  
Purity Level ◽  
Copper Electrowinning ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Copper Electrolyte ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Cathode Reduction

The revamping project to be implemented at Norilsk Nickel’s refining facilities includes commissioning of a nickel plant and increasing the output of copper obtained by electrowinning from liquors produced in matte leach processes. At the revamped facility, a major portion of selenium and a considerable share of tellurium will be transferred with calciner gases to a sulphuric acid facility. The microimpurities that remain after calcination get distributed between the leachates. Considering that semiproducts keep circulating between the nickel and copper plants, selenium and tellurium can accumulate in the product solutions and thus affect the quality of finished metals. This paper examines the behaviour of selenium and tellurium in copper electrowinning process and formulates certain requirements for copper electrolyte that will ensure production of high-purity copper cathodes for commercial application. It is shown that, at low concentrations of selenium (IV) and tellurium (IV) in the copper electrolyte, their discharge follows the laws of diffusion kinetics, i.e. occurs at maximum current, together with cathode reduction of copper, and the concentrations of selenium and tellurium in copper change in correlation with the concentration of chalcogenides in the solution. Simultaneously with cathode reduction on a lead anode, selenium (IV) and tellurium (IV) get oxidized to selenium (VI) and tellurium (VI) that are not precipitable with copper and get accumulated in circulating solutions. It is shown that the concentration of chalcogenides has a negative first order from the removal of copper per unit volume of electrolyte. That’s why the contamination of cathode copper with selenium and tellurium rapidly decreases with an increase in copper removal. The paper provides data that can be used to estimate the allowable concentration of toxic microimpurities in the feed electrolyte that would not affect the desired copper purity level.

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