Radiotherapy for Glioblastoma: Clinical Issues and Nanotechnology Strategies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Li ◽  
Haihong Wang ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Lian Chen ◽  
Jinghua Ren
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Current State

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults with poor prognosis. Despite the current state of knowledge on its genetic characteristics, relatively little progress has been made...

scholarly journals Epilepsy in Mitochondrial Diseases—Current State of Knowledge on Aetiology and Treatment

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Dorota Wesół-Kucharska ◽  
Dariusz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Disease ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Current State

Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from energy deficit and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to impaired oxidative phosphorylation. The manifestation of mitochondrial disease is usually multi-organ. Epilepsy is one of the most common manifestations of diseases resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in children. The onset of epilepsy is associated with poor prognosis, while its treatment is very challenging, which further adversely affects the course of these disorders. Fortunately, our knowledge of mitochondrial diseases is still growing, which gives hope for patients to improve their condition in the future. The paper presents the pathophysiology, clinical picture and treatment options for epilepsy in patients with mitochondrial disease.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors

NAR Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Katsushima ◽  
George Jallo ◽  
Charles G Eberhart ◽  
Ranjan J Perera
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be central players in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. There is an accumulation of evidence on newly discovered lncRNAs, their molecular interactions and their roles in the development and progression of human brain tumors. LncRNAs can have either tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in different brain cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets and biomarkers for personalized therapy and precision diagnostics. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the lncRNAs that have been implicated in brain cancer pathogenesis, particularly in gliomas and medulloblastomas. We discuss their epigenetic regulation as well as the prospects of using lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with brain tumors.

scholarly journals Brain tumors risk factors - current state of knowledge review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Siedlecki ◽  
Małgorzata Szafrańska ◽  
Emilia Główczewska-Siedlecka ◽  
Maciej Śniegocki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State

Brain tumors cause widespread apprehension in society, associated with poor prognosis and death. Laymen most often associate them with glioblastoma multiforme which is in fact the most common malignant primary brain tumor (formerly it was considered the most common primary brain tumor, now it is thought that meningiomas are the most common). The interest of both the public and physicians is aroused by potential brain tumors risk factors. The only evidence based risk factor is ionizing radiation of head and neck. Other risk factors are also under consideration, however are not conclusive and different studies give different results. Given the widespread apprehension of brain tumors, knowledge of the risk factors seems obvious. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the current state of knowledge aboutf risk factors based on research. They confirm that apart from ionizing radiation, the existence of other risk factors is considered: cell phones, electromagnetic field, occupational exposure to raw meat, viruses. However, all these risk factors are not confirmed by reference results.

Review : Bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria associated with meat products / Revisión: Bacterias lácticas productoras de bacteriocinas asociadas a productos cárnicos

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Aymerich ◽  
M. Hugas ◽  
J.M. Monfort
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Use

Meat consumption is of great economical importance. Several lactic acid bacteria associated with meat products are important natural bacteriocin producers. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antag onistic substances considered to be important in the control of spoilage and pathogenic microor ganisms. This review aims to present the current state of the art in terms of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria associated with fresh and fermented meat products, describe the biochemical and genetic characteristics of their bacteriocins and the potential use of bacteriocins production of meat products.

scholarly journals LGR5 is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma and is Required for Survival of Brain Cancer Stem-Like Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Nakata ◽  
Benito Campos ◽  
Josephine Bageritz ◽  
Justo Lorenzo Bermejo ◽  
Natalia Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis

scholarly journals Notch1 switches progenitor competence in inducing medulloblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. eabd2781
Author(s):  
Claudio Ballabio ◽  
Matteo Gianesello ◽  
Chiara Lago ◽  
Konstantin Okonechnikov ◽  
Marica Anderle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Mouse Cerebellum ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Cancer Subtype ◽  
Prognosis Group ◽  
Group 3

The identity of the cell of origin is a key determinant of cancer subtype, progression, and prognosis. Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant childhood brain cancer with poor prognosis and few candidates as putative cell of origin. We overexpressed the group 3 MB genetic drivers MYC and Gfi1 in different candidate cells of origin in the postnatal mouse cerebellum. We found that S100b+ cells are competent to initiate group 3 MB, and we observed that S100b+ cells have higher levels of Notch1 pathway activity compared to Math1+ cells. We found that additional activation of Notch1 in Math1+ and Sox2+ cells was sufficient to induce group 3 MB upon MYC/Gfi1 expression. Together, our data suggest that the Notch1 pathway plays a critical role in group 3 MB initiation.

scholarly journals Notch1 switches progenitor competence in inducing medulloblastoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ballabio ◽  
Matteo Gianesello ◽  
Chiara Lago ◽  
Konstantin Okonechnikov ◽  
Marica Anderle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Mouse Cerebellum ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Cancer Subtype ◽  
Prognosis Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cellular Identity

SummaryThe identity of the cell of origin is a key determinant of cancer subtype, progression and prognosis. Group 3 Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant childhood brain cancer with poor prognosis and unknown cell of origin. We overexpressed the Group 3 MB genetic drivers MYC and Gfi1 in different candidate cells of origin in the postnatal mouse cerebellum. We found that S100b+ cells are competent to initiate Group 3 MB, while Math1+, Sox2+ or Ascl1+ cells are not. We noted that S100b+ cells have higher levels of Notch1 pathway activity compared to Math1+ cells. Interestingly, we found that additional activation of Notch1 in Math1+ cells was sufficient to induce Group 3 MB upon MYC/Gfi1 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that the MB cell of origin competence depends on the cellular identity, which relies on Notch1 activity.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Comprehensive Imaging-Guided Optimization of the Surgical Management of Patients with Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Laurent Dercle ◽  
Aiping Chen ◽  
Fatima-Zohra Mokrane ◽  
Laurent Dercle
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Alveolar Microlithiasis

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare lung disease with poor prognosis. The only effective treatment to date, is lung transplantation in the severest cases. However, the etiology of PAM has been recently deciphered, and the treatment paradigm is shifting. We report a case of PAM and propose an optimized imaging-guided management based on the current state of the art.

DBX2 promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation by regulating REST expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixing He ◽  
Xiaotian Zhang ◽  
Lianshu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Colony Formation Assay ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common but lethal brain cancer with poor prognosis. The developing brain homeobox 2 (DBX2) has been reported to play important roles in tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of DBX2 in GBM are still unknown. Objective: This study aims to investigate the function and mechanisms of DBX2 in GBM. Methods: The expressions of DBX2 and REST in GBM were measured by analyzing data from databases, and the results were checked by qPCR and/or western blot of GBM cell lines. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay, immunohistochemistry and colony formation assay. ChIP-qPCR was used to determine the binding sites of DBX2 on REST. Results: In this study, we found that the expression of DBX2 was upregulated in the GBM cell lines. The cell proliferation was damaged after blocking DBX2 expression in U87 and U251 GBM cell lines. The expression level of DBX2 had a positive relationship with that of REST. Our ChIP-qPCR results showed that DBX2 is directly bound to the promoter region of REST. Additionally, the increased GBM cell proliferation caused by DBX2 overexpression can be rescued by REST loss of function. Conclusion: DBX2 could promote cell proliferation of GBM by binding to the promoter region of REST gene and increasing REST expression.

scholarly journals P-selectin axis plays a key role in microglia immunophenotype and glioblastoma progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilam Yeini ◽  
Paula Ofek ◽  
Sabina Pozzi ◽  
Nitzan Albeck ◽  
Dikla Ben-Shushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

AbstractGlioblastoma (GB) is a highly invasive type of brain cancer exhibiting poor prognosis. As such, its microenvironment plays a crucial role in its progression. Among the brain stromal cells, the microglia were shown to facilitate GB invasion and immunosuppression. However, the reciprocal mechanisms by which GB cells alter microglia/macrophages behavior are not fully understood. We propose that these mechanisms involve adhesion molecules such as the Selectins family. These proteins are involved in immune modulation and cancer immunity. We show that P-selectin mediates microglia-enhanced GB proliferation and invasion by altering microglia/macrophages activation state. We demonstrate these findings by pharmacological and molecular inhibition of P-selectin which leads to reduced tumor growth and increased survival in GB mouse models. Our work sheds light on tumor-associated microglia/macrophage function and the mechanisms by which GB cells suppress the immune system and invade the brain, paving the way to exploit P-selectin as a target for GB therapy.

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