A triphenylamine-based aggregation-enhanced emission probe for viscosity and polarity analysis of lubricating oils

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxiao Jia ◽  
Fu Wang ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Fluorescent Molecule ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Phenyl Vinyl

Lubricating oil offers abundant information about the operating state of machine. In this work, a donor-acceptor aggregation-enhanced emission fluorescent molecule, (Z)-4-(1-cyano-2-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl)benzonitrile (CPA-TPA), was synthesized to investigate its function to sense...

Determination of zinc in lubricating oils and lubricating oil concentrates

1968 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Anand ◽  
Prabhu Dayal ◽  
O. N. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oils

scholarly journals An Optimal Method for Lubricating Oil Compounds Properties Estimation - the Computer - Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3942-3946
Author(s):  
Gabriel Radulescu ◽  
Diana Cursaru
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Optimal Mixing

Obtaining the commercial lubricating oils through an industrial method is a process which has an extensive complexity, requiring a very special attention paid to the final products quality. In this field, any new mixing compound, any new additive and any process improvement is more than welcome. Using the so called optimal mixing recipes � in order to get commercial lubricating oils by the base oils and corresponding additives � is a common way to lower the production cost and increase its quality. This paper proposes an original software tool, developed by the authors, which offers these recipes based on the final mixture properties (explicitly given). The application is built-up around the nonlinear programming and runs under MATLAB� environment. It is a remarkably robust application, with good functionality and accuracy. Its performance is proved both in theory and practice, after laboratory experimental tests.

scholarly journals Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 3002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Nowak ◽  
Karolina Kucharska ◽  
Marian Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Petroleum Origin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cutting System ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Lubricating oils used in machines with an open cutting system, such as a saw or harvester, are applied in forest areas, gardening, in the household, and in urban greenery. During the operation of the device with an open cutting system, the lubricating oil is emitted into the environment. Therefore, the use of an oil base and refining additives of petroleum origin in the content of lubricants is associated with a negative impact on health and the environment. The current legal regulations concerning lubricants applicable in the European Union (EU) assess the degree of biodegradability. Legislation permits the use of biodegradable oils at 60% for a period of 28 days. This means that, in practice, lubricating oil considered to be biodegradable can contain up to 50% of the so-called petroleum oil base. The paper aims to draw public attention to the need to reduce the toxicity and harmful effects, due to their composition, of lubricating oils emitted into the environment on health. The authors discuss the impact of petroleum oil lubricants on soils, groundwater, vegetation, and animals, and the impact of petroleum-origin oil mist on health. An overview of test methods for the biodegradability of lubricating oils is presented, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 301 A–F, 310, and 302 A–D tests, as well as their standard equivalents. The current legal regulations regarding the use and control of lubricating oils emitted into the environment are discussed. Legal provisions are divided according to their area of application. Key issues regarding the biodegradability and toxicity of petroleum fractions in lubricating oils are also addressed. It is concluded that lubricating oils, emitted or potentially emitted into the environment, should contain only biodegradable ingredients in order to eliminate the negative impact on both the environment and health. Total biodegradability should be confirmed by widely applied tests. Therefore, a need to develop and implement low-cost and simple control procedures for each type of lubricating oil, ensuring the possibility of an indisputable conclusion about the presence and total absence of petroleum-derived components in oil, as well as the content of natural ingredients, occurs.

scholarly journals Regeneration of used engine lubricating oil by solvent extraction

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Ancaelena-Eliza Sterpu ◽  
Anca Iuliana Dumitru ◽  
Mihai-Florinel Popa
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractHuge amounts of used lubricating oils from automotive sources are disposed of as a harmful waste into the environment. For this reason, means to recover and reuse these wastes need to be found. Problems arising from acid treatment include environmental problems associated with the disposal of acid sludge and spent earth, low product yield (45-65%) and incomplete removal of metals. The processes of re-refining of used lubricating oils depend greatly on the nature of the oil base stock and on the nature and amount of contaminants in the lubricant resulting from operations. The study was carried out on a sample of 15W40 type used oil collected from one automobile. The re-refining process of used oil consists of dehydration, solvent extraction, solvent stripping and vacuum distillation. This study aims to investigate a process of solvent extraction of an alcohol-ketone mixture as a pre-treatment step followed by vacuum distillation at 5 mmHg. The primary step was conducted before the solvent extraction that involves dehydration to remove the water and fuel contaminants from the used oil by vacuum distillation. The solvent extraction and vacuum distillation steps were used to remove higher molecular weight contaminants. The investigated solvent to oil ratios were 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The solvent composition is 25% 2-propanol, 50% 1- butanol and 25% butanone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The percentage of oil recovery for the solvent to oil ratio of 6:1 is further improved, but for the ratio values higher than 6:1, operation was considered economically not feasible. Finally, the re-refined oil properties were compared with the commercial virgin lubricating oil properties.

The Influence of Temperature and Shear Rate on the Viscosity of Selected Motor Oils

2013 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Czaban
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Motor Oils

One of the most important physical quantities which has an influence on bearings and micro-bearings functioning is the viscosity of a lubricant. The data about a viscosity value dependence on temperature and shear rate are essential for designing sliding friction pairs. In design calculations usually there is assumed that a lubricant is a Newtonian fluid, therefore viscosity is constant over the full range of shear rates. During operation of friction pairs the contamination particles get into a lubricant and this causes that the lubricant becomes a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic or viscoelastic fluid. A similar effect on lubricating oil properties have combustion products or special performance additives. Furthermore, a lubricating oil ages and wears out, i.e. during its operating the initial structure of a particles is destroyed which can cause the change of the oil viscosity and lubricity values. The aim of this work is to determine the dynamic viscosity values in dependence on temperature and shear rate for selected new and used lubricating oils. In this research motor oils for passenger vehicles and tractors were investigated. This paper presents the results of measurements of the viscosity changes, in dependence on shear rate and temperature, made for the new and used oils. One of the investigated oils is Superol CC-40, which was used in four-stroke 4562 cm3 diesel engine for twenty months, which corresponds to 250 hours of operating. The second of investigated oils is Shell Helix Ultra AV-L which was used in four-stroke 2000 cm3 diesel engine for ten months at a distance of 15 000 kilometers. The viscosity measurements for the new and used lubricating oils were made with the Thermo Scientific Haake Mars III rheometer, in the range of temperatures from 10°C to 120°C and of shear rates to 51000 1/s. Moreover, the analysis of wear products, contaminants and additives in the investigated new and used lubricating oils was made with the rotating disc electrode atomic emission spectrometer Spectro Incorporated Spectroil Q100, which gives possibility to determine 22 most common elements which occur in motor, turbine and gear oils. The obtained information will be used in future studies related to hydrodynamic lubrication of slide bearings and micro-bearings. It also may be useful for designing bearings and sliding friction pairs.

Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Pour Point Depressants for Lubricating Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Wan Gang Zheng ◽  
Shu Jun Wang ◽  
Fan Bin Meng ◽  
Huan Qing Ma ◽  
Yan Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Polymeric Additives ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solidifying Point

The paper describes synthesis and evaluation of polymeric additives for improving the flow properties of lubricating oils. The polymer (AAV) was prepared by the free-radical initiated polymerization of methacryl esters (A14) with acrylamide and vinyl acetate. A14 and AAV were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Three lubricating oils were selected as the test oil samples and the effect of solidification point depressant (ΔSP) with different mass fractions and other physicochemical characteristics of the samples with and without AAV added were investigated. In order to analyze the effect of AAV on the viscosity of lubricating oils, viscosity-temperature curves were plotted. The results showed that AAV not only had a good effect on dropping solidifying point for Yanshan lubricating oils, but also had a good effect on dropping viscosity; what’s more, other physicochemical characteristics of lubricating oil have little changes before and after AAV added.

Influence of Lubricating Oil Additives on Swell-Resistant Elastomers

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1224-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bertram ◽  
D. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Oil Additives ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Lubricating Oil Additives ◽  
Chlorinated Paraffin

Abstract In the last few decades the demands made on lubricating oils have become increasingly severe; corresponding improvements in the quality of oils have been achieved primarily by adding additives of widely different composition and function. These substances, however, may severely attack elastomers which come into contact with lubricating oils, possibly making the elastomers useless within a short time. The influences of chemically defined lubricating oil additives on nitrile-butadiene, chloroprene, silicone, and acrylic rubbers are investigated at 140° C, ASTM Oil No. 1 being used as the medium. The various substances are found to have strong influences on the condition of the elastomers, depending on the structure of the polymer. See Figure 16. Sulfonated and chlorosulfonated fatty oils and hydrocarbons cause surface hardening in nitrile rubber, which results in crack formation under flexure or elongation. However, after pronounced initial deterioration of the mechanical properties, further penetration of the additive is prevented by the protective layer thus formed. Chloroprene rubber also takes part in a crosslinking reaction with these additives, though without undergoing surface hardening. Silicone and acrylic rubber, which have no double bonds in the polymer chain, are not attacked by these additives. Owing to a crosslinking reaction compounds which release hydrogen chloride, e.g., chlorinated paraffin, cause severe surface hardening in nitrile and chloroprene rubber vulcanizates, which is not restricted to the surfaces. In the case of nitrile rubber, hydrogen chloride combines with the vulcanizate. In the presence of chlorinated paraffin, acrylic rubber first softens but this is afterwards obscured by hardening. Chlorinated paraffin does not attack silicone rubber. Lead naphthenate damages acrylic and silicone rubber but stabilizes nitrile and chloroprene rubber. With reference to nitrile rubber, as an example, it is shown that the resistance of the elastomers greatly depends on the temperature and concentration of the additive and that both synergistic and antagonistic effects are possible when additives are used in conjunction with one another. The purposes of this study have been, firstly, to show that the differences in the behavior of elastomers in technical lubricating oils are usually due to the influence exerted by additives, and, secondly, to encourage the lubricating oils industry to consider and make allowances for the problems of the rubber industry.

The Selection of Lubricating Oils for Industrial Plant: The User's Point of View

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-500
Author(s):  
D. Summers-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Oil Additives ◽  
Lubricating Oil Additives ◽  
Selection Of

It is shown that a small number of oil viscosity grades should satisfy the lubrication requirements of most industrial plants. Problems with lubricating oil additives are discussed and it is concluded that such materials should only be used where proven essential.

scholarly journals CS Regeneración de aceites lubricantes usados que cumplan la norma NTE - INEN 2030 en el Ecuador, empleando el método de extracción con butanol y el método ácido-arcilla.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristhian Santiago Rumiguano Macas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Residue Concentration

  Se comparó  parámetros, concentración de residuos y su viabilidad económica de los métodos más utilizados para la regeneración de aceites lubricantes. Mediante investigación y revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre regeneración de aceites lubricantes usados, se determinó las características de cada método, como también sus características fisicoquímicas de cada producto final, identificando el más apto para su implementación en el Distrito metropolitano de Quito, siempre y cuando cumpla con las normas NTE INEN 2030. Para así obtener un método eficiente para la regeneración de aceite lubricante, que sea amigable con el ambiente  y económicamente viable.   Palabras clave—métodos_regeneración/regeneración_aceite/aceite_lubricante/concentración_residuos/norma_nte_inen2030    Abstract— Parameters, residue concentration and their economic viability of the most used methods for the regeneration of lubricating oils were compared. Through research and systematic review of the literature on the regeneration of used lubricating oils, the characteristics of each method were determined, as well as their physicochemical characteristics of each final product, identifying the most suitable for implementation in the Metropolitan District of Quito, as long as comply with the NTE INEN 2030 standards. In order to obtain an efficient method for the regeneration of lubricating oil, which is friendly to the environment and economically viable.

The importance of 2 per cent PTFE/FeF3 additives in engine fully formulated oil for reducing friction and wear under boundary lubrication condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi N Nehme ◽  
Saeed Ghalambor
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Minimum Wear

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the topics of phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) in engine oil. Very reproducible boundary lubrication tests were conducted as part of Design of Experiments software to study the behavior of fluorinated catalyst iron fluoride (FeF3) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the development of environment-friendly (reduced P and S) anti-wear additives for future engine oil formulations. Multi-component fully formulated oils were used with and without the addition of PTFE and fluorinated catalyst to characterize and analyze their performance. Design/methodology/approach – A boundary lubrication protocol was used in the DOE tests to study their tribological behavior. Lubricant additives like PTFE and FeF3 catalyst were used at different concentrations to investigate the wear resistance and the time for a full breakdown under extreme loading conditions. Experiments indicated that new sub-micron FeF3 catalyst plays an important role in preventing the breakdown of the tribofilm. Findings – This paper explores the effect of PTFE and FeF3 catalyst on the performance of fully formulated engine oils. The purpose was to develop equations for minimum wear volume and maximum time for full breakdown. Emphasis was, therefore, given to conditions where the additives were working effectively for minimizing zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (P per cent). Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone. Originality/value – Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone.

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