Progresses on quantification of nicotine content and form distribution in electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehua Lu ◽  
Menghui Xiang ◽  
haoran Lu ◽  
Zhixin Tian ◽  
Yihan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Content

Each electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) is a battery-powered system which converts electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) into the inhalable phase by heating the solution when it is in use. After four generations...

scholarly journals Sensory attributes of e-cigarette flavours and nicotine as mediators of interproduct differences in appeal among young adults

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Leventhal ◽  
Junhan Cho ◽  
Jessica Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Raina Pang ◽  
Sara Schiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Aversive Taste ◽  
Analogue Scales

ObjectiveTo estimate the extent to which specific sensory attributes, for example, smoothness, mediate differences in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) appeal between products in non-tobacco versus tobacco flavours and varying nicotine content in young adults.MethodE-cigarette users (n=100; aged 18–34 years) administered standardised two-puff e-cigarette doses of different products varying in a flavour (fruit, menthol, tobacco) × nicotine (nicotine-containing (6 mg/mL freebase), nicotine-free) within-subject design. Participants rated sensory attributes (sweetness, bitterness, smoothness and harshness) and appeal on 100-unit visual analogue scales after administering each product. Sensory ratings were tested as simultaneous mediators of flavour, nicotine and flavour × nicotine effects on appeal.ResultsAppeal preferences for fruit versus tobacco flavours were mediated by sweetness-enhancing (βindirect=0.092), smoothness-enhancing (βindirect=0.045) and bitterness-reducing (βindirect=0.072) effects of fruit flavours. Appeal preferences for menthol versus tobacco flavours were mediated by menthol’s smoothness-enhancing (βindirect=0.039) and bitterness-reducing (βindirect=0.034) effects. Lower appeal of nicotine-containing versus nicotine-free products was mediated by nicotine’s sweetness-reducing (βindirect=–0.036), smoothness-reducing (βindirect=–0.156) and bitterness-increasing (βindirect=0.045) effects. Flavour × nicotine interaction effects on appeal were explained by menthol-related suppression of nicotine’s bitterness-enhancing and sweetness-reducing mediation pathways and fruit-related suppression of nicotine’s bitterness-enhancing mediation pathway. Harshness did not mediate appeal after adjusting for other sensory attributes.ConclusionBitterness and smoothness may be cross-cutting mediators of interproduct variation in the effects of types of non-tobacco flavours and nicotine on e-cigarette appeal in young adults. Sweetness may also mediate appeal-enhancing effects of fruit and appeal-reducing effects of nicotine. Non-tobacco flavours may suppress appeal-reducing effects of nicotine in e-cigarettes through attenuation of nicotine’s aversive taste attributes.

scholarly journals Nicotine Content in Electronic Cigarette Refill Solutions and Its Release in Aerosols

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317-1332
Author(s):  
Sharifah Mazrah Sayed Mohamed Zain ◽  
Sara Khalida Jamal Khair ◽  
Nadia Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Fairulnizal Md. Noh ◽  
Dinash Aravind Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Sham ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Vanessa Karakilic ◽  
Kevin Soulsbury ◽  
Fred Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
P Values ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

  Background and Purpose: Electronic cigarettes are gaining vast popularity because the perceived impression about electronic cigarettes is they are a safer alternative to conventional smoking (Belluz, 2015). As a result, more teenagers are switching to electronic cigarettes either as a smoking cessation tool, or for recreational use. However, it is supported by the evidence review that there is nicotine mislabeling between what the manufacturer has labeled and the actual nicotine content in the liquids (Goniewicz et al., 2012). This is a critical health concern for teenagers and recreational users because they are exposed to nicotine, which is a neurotoxin that creates the addiction for smoking. As a result, over a period of time, recreational electronic cigarette users have a higher chance of switching to conventional smoking (Bach, 2015). Hence, the purpose of this research is to determine whether nicotine can be found in nicotine free electronic cigarette liquids Methods: The nicotine content in the electronic cigarette liquids will be determined using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. Inferential statistics such as a one tailed t-test will be done using Microsoft Excel and SAS to see if nicotine can be detected in nicotine-free electronic cigarette liquids and if there is a statistically significant difference. Results: The two p-values from the parametric test were 0.2811 and 0.2953. The p-value to reject the null hypothesis was set at 0.05. Because the p-values from the inferential statistics were greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis was not rejected and the actual nicotine content is equal to what the manufacturer had labeled as nicotine free. Discussion: Although the inferential statistics indicated that there was no statistical significance in nicotine concentration, two out of the ten nicotine free electronic cigarette liquids measured nicotine levels above 0 ppm. Conclusion: There was not a significant difference in nicotine concentration found in the electronic cigarette liquids and the actual nicotine concentration is equal to the labeled concentration. However, because the sample size of only ten is too small, there is a potential for type 2 error. Also, the samples came from only two manufacturers. Therefore, the results from this research are not representative for all the electronic cigarette liquids. More research should be conducted to provide scientific evidence to stop recreational electronic cigarette users from the exposure of electronic cigarettes as these could act as a stepping-stone towards smoking conventional cigarettes. Teenagers who start smoking at an early age will be more  

scholarly journals Profil hematologi mencit (Mus musculus L.) strain Balb/c jantan akibat paparan asap rokok elektrik

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Eva Tyas Utami ◽  
Ulfi Risqillah ◽  
Susantin Fajariah
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Group 1

Electronic cigarette is one type of cigarette that are popular. This is because of the nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquid that can be regulated by the user so it is considered safe. The purpose of this study was to analize electronic cigarette effect on hematology profile of male Balb’C mice (Mus musculus L). This study used 24 males mice which were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) was the group without electronic cigarette exposure. The group 2,3, and 4 were exposed to electronic cigarette for 1 ml, 2 ml and 4 ml liquid respectively. This study use liquid that containing 6 mg nicotin/ml. The exposure to electronic cigarette were conducted for 4 weeks. Hematology profile observation include hemoglobin level, erytrocytes count, count and types of leukocytes.The result showed that hemoglobin level and erytrocytes count was increase, leukocytes and lymphocyte count was decrease and no effect on granulocytes and MID after electronic cigarette exposure using different liquid volume. The conclusion of this study was  electronic cigarette exposure with different liquid volume as long as four weeks affect to Balb’C male mice hematology profile.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette refill liquids: Nicotine content, presence of child-resistant packaging, and in-shop compounding

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Kelly Buettner-Schmidt ◽  
Donald R. Miller ◽  
Megan Orr ◽  
Narayanaganesh Balasubramanian ◽  
Katelyn Rykal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals The flavoring and not the nicotine content is a decisive factor for the effects of refill liquids of electronic cigarette on the redox status of endothelial cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1095-1102
Author(s):  
Efthalia Kerasioti ◽  
Aristidis S. Veskoukis ◽  
Zoi Skaperda ◽  
Apostolis Zacharias ◽  
Konstantinos Poulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals Influence of Electronic Cigarette Characteristics on Susceptibility, Perceptions, and Abuse Liability Indices among Combustible Tobacco Cigarette Smokers and Non-Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Cosima Hoetger ◽  
Rose S. Bono ◽  
Nicole E. Nicksic ◽  
Andrew J. Barnes ◽  
Caroline O. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Regulatory Domain ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Carcinogen Exposure

This study assessed how electronic cigarette (ECIG) characteristics amenable to regulation—namely nicotine content, flavor, and modified risk messages—impact ECIG use susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices among combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) smokers and non-smokers. CTC smokers and non-smokers varying in ECIG use recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed an online survey in 2016 (analytic n = 706). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions differing in ECIG characteristics: nicotine content (no, low, high), flavor (menthol, tobacco, fruit), or modified risk message (reduced harm, reduced carcinogen exposure). Regressions assessed ECIG susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices (purchase task measures of breakpoint/intensity) within each regulatory domain (nicotine content, flavor, message) and their interactions with CTC/ECIG status. Differential effects on ECIG susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices were observed by regulatory domain with many effects moderated by CTC/ECIG status. ECIG nicotine content and flavor conditions were the most influential across outcomes. Greater nicotine content, tobacco-flavored and reduced carcinogen exposure ECIGs were more highly preferred by CTC smokers with some differing preferences for non-users. Findings reinforce consideration of discrete ECIG preferences across tobacco use status to improve regulatory efficacy.

scholarly journals Nicotine content in flavored electronic cigarette liquids using three unique samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pebbles Fagan ◽  
Mignonne Guy ◽  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Thaddeus Herzog ◽  
Eric Soule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Quality Control: Impurity and Nicotine Level Analysis in Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Bennani ◽  
Madiha Alami Chentoufi ◽  
Miloud El Karbane ◽  
Amine Cheikh ◽  
Mustapha Bouatia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Accurate Indication ◽  
Nicotine Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
The Relationship

This work targets mainly the quality control of electronic cigarette liquids. It relies on an analytical control of a “32-product” sample made of several types of e-cigarette liquids taken from various supermarkets and tobacconist’s offices in Morocco. All along this study, we made sure to check both the conformity of the nicotine level indicated in the packaging of each product and the existence of any other components inside the product, especially toxic or unknown impurities. The method used for this study is known under the name of high-performance liquid chromatography. For statistical analysis, we used Student’s t-test for a single sample in order to analyze the relative differences between nicotine quantity reported in the product and the one measured during our experiment. Finally, we used linear regression test to determine the relationship between the nicotine level accuracy on the packaging and the level of toxic impurities in the products. The differences between the nicotine concentrations reported in the packages and the measured ones varied from −100% to +3.3%. The study showed that 31% of analyzed products have an accurate indication of the level of nicotine on the packaging. However, 47% of the studied products showed more than 20% difference between measure and packaging indication. In all analyzed samples, the level of impurities altered from 0 to 32.6%. Furthermore, the level of the nicotine breakdown products did not exceed 2% of the nicotine content in pretty much all of the samples. The actual nicotine content of electronic cigarette refill liquids is not always as precise as what is stated on the packaging; in addition to the level of impurities detected in several brands and that exceeds the European Pharmacopoeia standards, some may even present a risk of causing toxicological damage.

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