scholarly journals Detection of Organic and Inorganic Gunshot Residues from Hands using Complexing Agents and LC-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feeney ◽  
Korina Menking Hoggatt ◽  
Courtney Vander Pyl ◽  
Colby E. Ott ◽  
Suzanne Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Gunshot Residues ◽  
Inorganic Species

Gunshot residue (GSR) refers to a conglomerate consisting of both organic molecules (OGSR) and inorganic species (IGSR). Historically, forensic examiners have focused only on identifying the IGSR particles by their...

Analysis of primer gunshot residue particles by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Vander Pyl ◽  
Claudia Martinez-Lopez ◽  
Korina Menking Hoggatt ◽  
Tatiana Trejos
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Gunshot Residues ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

LIBS and LAICPMS microchemical mapping for rapid detection of gunshot residues is reported for a large dataset of pGSR authentic items and microparticle standards, with accurate differentiation between shooter and non-shooter profiles (>88%).

scholarly journals Quantitative profile–profile relationship (QPPR) modelling: a novel machine learning approach to predict and associate chemical characteristics of unspent ammunition from gunshot residue (GSR)

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo D. Gallidabino ◽  
Leon P. Barron ◽  
Céline Weyermann ◽  
Francesco S. Romolo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Gunshot Residues ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Predictive Approach

Possibility to associate gunshot residues with other residues or their original ammunition has been demonstrated using a novel predictive approach.

scholarly journals Detection of Gunshot Residues Using Mass Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Verena Taudte ◽  
Alison Beavis ◽  
Lucas Blanes ◽  
Nerida Cole ◽  
Philip Doble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Chromatographic System ◽  
Gunshot Residues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
Scanning Electron

In recent years, forensic scientists have become increasingly interested in the detection and interpretation of organic gunshot residues (OGSR) due to the increasing use of lead- and heavy metal-free ammunition. This has also been prompted by the identification of gunshot residue- (GSR-) like particles in environmental and occupational samples. Various techniques have been investigated for their ability to detect OGSR. Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to a chromatographic system is a powerful tool due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. Further, modern MS instruments can detect and identify a number of explosives and additives which may require different ionization techniques. Finally, MS has been applied to the analysis of both OGSR and inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR), although the “gold standard” for analysis is scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microscopy (SEM-EDX). This review presents an overview of the technical attributes of currently available MS and ionization techniques and their reported applications to GSR analysis.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE COMPOSITE SORBENTS FOR ORGANIC AND INORGANIC POLLUTANTS REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS IN LANDFILL LEACHATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Burlakovs ◽  
◽  
Ruta Ozola-Davidane ◽  
Maris Klavins
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The study reveals the development of appropriate innovative sorbents based on clay material for arsenic and p-nitrophenol sorption using iron oxy-hydroxide and surfactant modification. Natural and manufactured clay were chosen for comparison of modification efficiency to obtain the best sorption results for As (V) and p-nitrophenol. Obtained results indicate that modification of clay with iron compounds and various surfactants significantly improve the sorption capacity of newly developed materials used for sorption of inorganic and organic compounds from aqueous solutions in landfill leachates.Natural clay minerals have received a lot of attention as potential sorbents, because of their abundance, cost-effectiveness, high sorption and ion-exchange properties [1]. Clay minerals can be modified using different approaches to obtain innovative materials for application as sorbents in the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from leachates, wastewater, groundwater and soil [2, 3]. Modification with surfactants improves hydrophobization needed if interaction with low polarity organic molecules is necessary, but chemical modification with inorganic species, e.g., hydrated iron supports the physical improvement of sorption and ion exchange process in order to benefit the treatment of media from inorganic pollutants [4]. Materials achieved better properties for specific remedial applications regarding heavy metals and metalloids, prepared organoclays from hydrophilic montmorillonite by intercalating cationic or nonionic surfactants can interact with organic molecules of differing polarity and serve as immobilizers for organic molecules and toxicants, e.g., phenols and NOCs. Further studies will reveal improved properties to benefit landfill leachate treatment, wastewater engineering and environmental remediation industries.

scholarly journals Tiro-aztarnen identifikazioa, auzitegi-laborategien erronka

2015 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Nora Unceta ◽  
Nagore Grijalba ◽  
Sandra Benito ◽  
Zuriñe Abrego ◽  
Alicia Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Gunshot Residues

Azken urteotan, su-armen erabilera nabarmen handitu da gure gizartean eta horrek tiro egin ondoren sortutako partikulen analisirako metodologia berriak garatzea ekarri du. Krimen agertokian tiro-aztarnak (gunshot residue, GSR) osatzen dituzten konposatuen detekzio eta identifikazioak su-armen erabileraren ebidentzia fidagarria eskaintzen du. Tiro-aztarnak erretako eta erre gabeko partikulen multzoa da, munizioa erretzen denean sortutakoak eta su-armak berak, jaurtigaiak eta kartutxoak askatutako konposatuez osatuak. Tiro egin ostean, partikulak tiroa gertatu den tokiaren inguruan jalkitzen dira baina, batez ere, tiratzailearen gorputzean (eskuak, sudurra eta ilea) eta arropetan. Gaur egun, GSR partikulen ohiko analisia konposatu ez-organikoen identifikazioan oinarritzen da. Konposatu organikoen azterketak (organic gunshot residues, OGSR) lagin baten froga-balioa indartu dezake. Hala ere, gutxi dira OGSR-en dudarik gabeko identifikaziorako guztiz sentikorrak diren metodoak. Lan honetan beraz, tiro-aztarnen laginketa eta analisirako teknika aipagarrienak laburbildu eta berrikusten dira.

Synthesis of (Alumino) Silicate Materials Using Organic Molecules and Self-Assembled Organic Aggregates as Structure-Directing Agents

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Davis ◽  
Cong-Yan Chen ◽  
Sandra L. Burkett ◽  
Raul F. Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Alumino Silicate ◽  
Structure Directing Agents ◽  
Silicate Materials

ABSTRACTMicroporous zeolites can be synthesized using organic structure-directing molecules whose function is to organize inorganic species into particular topologies that then spontaneously self-assemble into the final crystalline materials. Extension of the zeolite assembly process to the use of organic molecular aggregates as structure-directing agents yields ordered mesoporous materials like MCM–41 and MCM–48. A unifying picture of the assembly processes ocurring in the syntheses of micro- and mesoporous materials is presented.

Characterization of lead-free gunshot residue analogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 3132-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lashaundra A. Fambro ◽  
Ethan T. Miller ◽  
Deidre D. Vandenbos ◽  
Christopher R. Dockery
Keyword(s):  
Spectrochemical Analysis ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Gunshot Residues

Spectrochemical analysis and microscopy were used to identify statistically significant analytical markers present in simulated lead-free gunshot residues.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

Direct phase determination in electron crystallography: small organic molecules

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1167
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Phase Determination ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
3D Data

The quantitative use of electron diffraction intensity data for the determination of crystal structures represents the pioneering achievement in the electron crystallography of organic molecules, an effort largely begun by B. K. Vainshtein and his co-workers. However, despite numerous representative structure analyses yielding results consistent with X-ray determination, this entire effort was viewed with considerable mistrust by many crystallographers. This was no doubt due to the rather high crystallographic R-factors reported for some structures and, more importantly, the failure to convince many skeptics that the measured intensity data were adequate for ab initio structure determinations.We have recently demonstrated the utility of these data sets for structure analyses by direct phase determination based on the probabilistic estimate of three- and four-phase structure invariant sums. Examples include the structure of diketopiperazine using Vainshtein's 3D data, a similar 3D analysis of the room temperature structure of thiourea, and a zonal determination of the urea structure, the latter also based on data collected by the Moscow group.

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