Recent Advances of Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Forensic Biological Analysis

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayari Takamura ◽  
Takeaki Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Biological Analysis ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Important Evidence

Biological materials found at a crime scene are crucially important evidence for forensic investigation because they provide contextual information about a crime and can be linked to the donor-individuals through...

3. Crime scene management and forensic investigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Jim Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Scene Management

‘Crime scene management and forensic investigation’ shows how the actions of investigating officers at a crime scene can affect the availability and efficacy of forensic tests later in the investigation. The purpose of crime scene management is to control, preserve, record, and recover evidence and intelligence from the scene of an incident in accordance with legal requirements and to appropriate professional and ethical standards. Any items removed from a scene by investigators must be packaged and labelled correctly to prevent contamination and minimize damage. Once forensic analysis begins, it is essential to consider the investigative implications of actions and decisions. It is sometimes more effective, quicker, or convenient to bring the specialist to the crime scene.

scholarly journals Damage-free Analysis of Biological Materials by Vibrational Spectroscopy in the EM

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Ondrej Krivanek ◽  
Alice Dohnalkova ◽  
Zdravko Kochovski ◽  
Benedikt Haas ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Materials

Whole-Organism Analysis by Vibrational Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Christensen ◽  
Anja Rüther ◽  
Kamila Kochan ◽  
David Pérez-Guaita ◽  
Bayden Wood
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Spectroscopic Instrumentation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Made In

Vibrational spectroscopy has contributed to the understanding of biological materials for many years. As the technology has advanced, the technique has been brought to bear on the analysis of whole organisms. Here, we discuss advanced and recently developed infrared and Raman spectroscopic instrumentation to whole-organism analysis. We highlight many of the recent contributions made in this relatively new area of spectroscopy, particularly addressing organisms associated with disease with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. The application of vibrational spectroscopic techniques to entire organisms is still in its infancy, but new developments in imaging and chemometric processing will likely expand in the field in the near future.

scholarly journals Damage-free vibrational spectroscopy of biological materials in the electron microscope

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez ◽  
Toshihiro Aoki ◽  
Katia March ◽  
Dvir Gur ◽  
Ondrej L. Krivanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Native State ◽  
Organic Functional Groups ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectra

Abstract Vibrational spectroscopy in the electron microscope would be transformative in the study of biological samples, provided that radiation damage could be prevented. However, electron beams typically create high-energy excitations that severely accelerate sample degradation. Here this major difficulty is overcome using an ‘aloof’ electron beam, positioned tens of nanometres away from the sample: high-energy excitations are suppressed, while vibrational modes of energies <1 eV can be ‘safely’ investigated. To demonstrate the potential of aloof spectroscopy, we record electron energy loss spectra from biogenic guanine crystals in their native state, resolving their characteristic C–H, N–H and C=O vibrational signatures with no observable radiation damage. The technique opens up the possibility of non-damaging compositional analyses of organic functional groups, including non-crystalline biological materials, at a spatial resolution of ∼10 nm, simultaneously combined with imaging in the electron microscope.

Recent advances in microchip-mass spectrometry for biological analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwei He ◽  
Qiushui Chen ◽  
Yandong Zhang ◽  
Jin-Ming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Analysis ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Long-Term Influence of Incidental Emotions on the Emotional Judgment of Neutral Faces

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta F. Nudelman ◽  
Liana C. L. Portugal ◽  
Izabela Mocaiber ◽  
Isabel A. David ◽  
Beatriz S. Rodolpho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
Important Evidence

Background: Evidence indicates that the processing of facial stimuli may be influenced by incidental factors, and these influences are particularly powerful when facial expressions are ambiguous, such as neutral faces. However, limited research investigated whether emotional contextual information presented in a preceding and unrelated experiment could be pervasively carried over to another experiment to modulate neutral face processing.Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether an emotional text presented in a first experiment could generate negative emotion toward neutral faces in a second experiment unrelated to the previous experiment.Methods: Ninety-nine students (all women) were randomly assigned to read and evaluate a negative text (negative context) or a neutral text (neutral text) in the first experiment. In the subsequent second experiment, the participants performed the following two tasks: (1) an attentional task in which neutral faces were presented as distractors and (2) a task involving the emotional judgment of neutral faces.Results: The results show that compared to the neutral context, in the negative context, the participants rated more faces as negative. No significant result was found in the attentional task.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that incidental emotional information available in a previous experiment can increase participants’ propensity to interpret neutral faces as more negative when emotional information is directly evaluated. Therefore, the present study adds important evidence to the literature suggesting that our behavior and actions are modulated by previous information in an incidental or low perceived way similar to what occurs in everyday life, thereby modulating our judgments and emotions.

Recent Advances in Contact Imaging of Biological Materials

1987 ◽  
pp. 65-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Cheng ◽  
D. M. Shinozaki ◽  
K. H. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Contact Imaging
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