Integrated multifunctional flexible electronics based on tough supramolecular hydrogels with patterned silver nanowires

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 7688-7697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengbo Zhu ◽  
Si Yu Zheng ◽  
Ji Lin ◽  
Zi Liang Wu ◽  
Jun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Complex Circuits ◽  
Hydrogel System

A hybrid conductive hydrogel system was facilely integrated with complex circuits. The obtained hydrogel electronics show excellent mechanical and electrical performances, enable monitoring tensile strain, pressure, and temperature.

scholarly journals Rational Design of a Novel Highly Folding-tolerable Edgewo-rthia Chrysantha Lindi-derived Substrate for Versatile Flexible Pressure Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danning Fu ◽  
Ruibin Wang ◽  
Rendang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Flexible Pressure Sensors

Abstract Cellulose-based composites with superior mechanical and electrical properties are highly desirable for a sustainable and multifunctional substrate of flexible electronics. However, their practical application is hindered by the lack of superflexible cellulose-based composites to fabricate ingenious flexible electronics with considerable robustness. Here, cellulose derived from underutilized biomass (Edgewo-rthia chrysantha Lindi, ERCL) was composited with highly-conductive silver nanowires (AgNWs) through a general papermaking process. Benefiting from the interactions between cellulose and AgNWs including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force, the composite presented superb electrical conductivity (> 27000 S/m) and flexibility (folding times ≥1110). By employing it as the substrate of flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) through layer-by-layer assembly, improved sensitivity (Gauge Factor=846.4), rapid response (0.44 s), and excellent stability (≥2000 folding cycles) were demonstrated. Impressively, the novel FPS could monitor human motions, including finger bending, elbow flexion, speaking, and pulse, suggesting its great potentials in emerging flexible electronics.

scholarly journals Copercolating Networks: An Approach for Realizing High-Performance Transparent Conductors using Multicomponent Nanostructured Networks

Nanophotonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprem R. Das ◽  
Sajia Sadeque ◽  
Changwook Jeong ◽  
Ruiyi Chen ◽  
Muhammad A. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Hybrid Networks ◽  
Gold Nanowires ◽  
Metallic Nanowire Networks

Abstract Although transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) are widely employed as transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for applications such as touch screens and displays, new nanostructured TCEs are of interest for future applications, including emerging transparent and flexible electronics. A number of twodimensional networks of nanostructured elements have been reported, including metallic nanowire networks consisting of silver nanowires, metallic carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs), copper nanowires or gold nanowires, and metallic mesh structures. In these single-component systems, it has generally been difficult to achieve sheet resistances that are comparable to ITO at a given broadband optical transparency. A relatively new third category of TCEs consisting of networks of 1D-1D and 1D-2D nanocomposites (such as silver nanowires and CNTs, silver nanowires and polycrystalline graphene, silver nanowires and reduced graphene oxide) have demonstrated TCE performance comparable to, or better than, ITO. In such hybrid networks, copercolation between the two components can lead to relatively low sheet resistances at nanowire densities corresponding to high optical transmittance. This review provides an overview of reported hybrid networks, including a comparison of the performance regimes achievable with those of ITO and single-component nanostructured networks. The performance is compared to that expected from bulk thin films and analyzed in terms of the copercolation model. In addition, performance characteristics relevant for flexible and transparent applications are discussed. The new TCEs are promising, but significant work must be done to ensure earth abundance, stability, and reliability so that they can eventually replace traditional ITO-based transparent conductors.

scholarly journals Silver Nanowires from Sonication-Induced Scission

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehui Wang ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Dexi Du
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Relationship

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have great potential to be used in the flexible electronics industry for their applications in flexible, transparent conductors due to high conductivity and light reflectivity. Those applications always involve size which strongly affects the optical and electrical properties of AgNWs. AgNWs of mean diameter 70 nm and mean length 12.5 μm were achieved by the polyol solvothermal method. Sonication-induced scission was used to obtain the small size AgNWs. The relationship between the size of AgNWs and the ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, and concentration of AgNWs were studied. The results show that the length of AgNWs gradually reduces with the increase of the ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power, and with the decrease of concentration of AgNWs. Meanwhile, there is an existence of a limiting length below which fragmentation of AgNWs no longer occurs. Further, the mechanics of sonication-induced scission for the fragmentation of AgNWs was discussed.

scholarly journals Mechanical Stress Stability of Flexible Amorphous Zinc Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lahr ◽  
Max Steudel ◽  
Holger von Wenckstern ◽  
Marius Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Field Effect Mobility ◽  
Threshold Voltage Shift ◽  
Zinc Tin Oxide

Due to their low-temperature processing capability and ionic bonding configuration, amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) are well suited for applications within future mechanically flexible electronics. Over the past couple of years, amorphous zinc tin oxide (ZTO) has been proposed as indium and gallium-free and thus more sustainable alternative to the widely deployed indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). The present study specifically focuses on the strain-dependence of elastic and electrical properties of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin-films sputtered at room temperature. Corresponding MESFETs have been compared regarding their operation stability under mechanical bending for radii ranging from 5 to 2 mm. Force-spectroscopic measurements yield a plastic deformation of ZTO as soon as the bending-induced strain exceeds 0.83 %. However, the electrical properties of ZTO determined by Hall effect measurements at room temperature are demonstrated to be unaffected by residual compressive and tensile strain up to 1.24 %. Even for the maximum investigated tensile strain of 1.26 %, the MESFETs exhibit a reasonably consistent performance in terms of current on/off ratios between six and seven orders of magnitude, a subthreshold swing around 350 mV/dec and a field-effect mobility as high as 7.5 cm2V−1s−1. Upon gradually subjecting the transistors to higher tensile strain, the channel conductivity steadily improves and consequently, the field-effect mobility increases by nearly 80 % while bending the devices around a radius of 2 mm. Further, a reversible threshold voltage shift of about −150 mV with increasing strain is observable. Overall, amorphous ZTO provides reasonably stable electrical properties and device performance for bending-induced tensile strain up to at least 1.26 % and thus represent a promising material of choice considering novel bendable and transparent electronics.

Conductive Hydrogel-Based Electronics for Intelligent Sensing and Smart Controlling

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-698
Author(s):  
Ranran Dai ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Chaoyue Li ◽  
Cheng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Flexible Materials ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Special Environment

Soft and flexible materials have recently attracted great attention as a sensing layer in the fields of health monitoring, human-machine interface, internet of things and soft robotics. Owing to its unique merits such as excellent flexibility, outstanding biocompatibility and superb sensitivity, conductive hydrogel can meet the need of soft sensing materials in the fields above. However, nonlinear sensitivities under high strains affect the application in practice. Moreover, the free water in conductive hydrogel will freeze or dry under extreme environment, even slowly evaporating at room temperature. Current innovation researches have demonstrated some advanced measures to improve its shortcomings and fit the applications in special environment. This review provides an overview of current flexible electronics based on conductive hydrogel for intelligent sensing and smart controlling. We sort and introduce the fabrication of conductive hydrogel according to different conductive materials. Furthermore, we focus on three classes of applications, including human-machine interfaces (HMIs), health monitoring and motion detection. At the end of the review, the still unresolved challenges are briefly summarized and novel directions for conductive hydrogel-based electronics are provided.

Strain Effect on Thermal Transport in Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Junctions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungkyu Park ◽  
Paul Pena
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Covalent Bonds

We employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore the effect of tensile strain on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene junction structures. Two different types of CNT-graphene junctions are simulated; a perfect seamless junction between CNT and graphene with complete sp2 covalent bonds, and a CNT-graphene junction with mixed sp2/sp3 covalent bonds are studied. The most interesting phenomenon observed in the present research study is that the thermal conductivity of CNT-graphene junction structures increases with an increase in mechanical strain. For the case of CNT-graphene junction structure with pillar height of 50 nm and inter-pillar distance of 15 nm, the thermal conductivity is improved by 22.4% when 0.1 tensile strain is imposed. It is observed that the thermal conductivity improvement is enhanced when a larger graphene floor is placed between junctions since larger graphene floor allows larger deformation (larger tensile strain) in the junction. In addition, the thermal conductivity of CNT-graphene junction structures with pure sp2 bonds is observed to be higher than the thermal conductivity of CNT-graphene junction structures with mixed sp2/sp3 bonds regardless of the amount of tensile strain. The obtained results will contribute to the development of flexible electronics by providing a theoretical background on the thermal transport of three dimensional carbon nanostructures under deformation.

scholarly journals Coat-and-print patterning of silver nanowires for flexible and transparent electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Azat Meredov ◽  
Atif Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Material System ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Wave Range

AbstractSilver nanowires (Ag NWs) possess excellent optoelectronic properties, which have led to many technology-focused applications of transparent and flexible electronics. Many of these applications require patterning of Ag NWs into desired shapes, for which mask-based and printing-based techniques have been developed and widely used. However, there are still several limitations associated to these techniques. These limitations, such as complicated patterning procedures, limited patterning area, and compromised optical transparency, hamper the efficient fabrication of high-performance Ag NW patterns. Here, we propose a coat-and-print approach for effectively patterning Ag NWs. We printed a polymer-based ink on the spin-coated Ag NW films. The ink acts as a protective layer to help remove excess Ag NWs from the substrate and then dissolves itself into an organic solvent. In this way, we can take advantage of both coating-based techniques (lead to Ag NWs with high transparency) and printing-based techniques (efficiently pattern diverse shapes). The resultant Ag NW patterns exhibit comparable conductivity (sheet resistance: 7.1 to 30 Ohm/sq) and transparency (transmittance: 84 to 95% at λ = 550 nm) to those made by conventional coating methods. In addition, the patterned Ag NWs exhibit robust mechanical stability and reliability, surviving extensive bending and peeling tests. Due to higher conductivity, efficient patterning ability and inherent transparency, this material system and application method is highly suitable for transparent and flexible electronics. As a proof of concept, this research demonstrates a wide-band antenna, operating in the mm-wave range that includes the 5G communication band. The proposed antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 26 GHz (from 17.9 GHz to 44 GHz), robust return loss under 1000 cyclic bending (bending radius of 3.5 mm), and decent transparency over the entire visible wavelength (86.8% transmittance at λ = 550 nm). This work’s promising results indicate that this method can be adapted for roll-to-roll manufacturing to efficiently produce patterned and optically transparent devices.

A Skin-Like Pressure Sensor Array Based on Silver Nanowires and Conductive Elastomer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Wang ◽  
Debao Zhou ◽  
Jianguo Cao ◽  
Richard Lindeke
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Integrated Sensor

In this research, we developed a skin-like tactile sensor array to measure the contact pressure of curved surfaces. The sensor array is laminated into a thin film with 3mm in thickness and can easily be wrapped around a pencil without damaging its skin-like structure. So far we have achieved the array containing 8×16 sensor elements. Its spatial resolution is 1 element per 9mm2 area and it can measure the pressure up to 360kPa. The sensor-array patch contains three layers. The upper and lower layers are polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films embedded with conductor strips formed by PDMS-based silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks. The middle layer is formed by the mixing of nickel powder with liquid PDMS for contact force measurement. Experimental tests have demonstrated that conductor strips on the upper layer can maintain their resistances around 23Ω with less than 4Ω increase when the tensile strain is up to 50%. Noted is that conductors made with carbon nanotubes can keep its conductivity unchanged for up to only 40% tensile strain. Through fatigue tests, it is observed that the measured AgNWs/PDMS conductor strip exhibits low and stable resistances. This is one of the desired behaviors of the stretchable interconnects for signal transmission. The integrated sensor system can successfully measure the contact pressure induced by objects of different shapes. It can be applied on curved or non-planar surfaces in robots or medical devices for force detection and feedback.

scholarly journals Recent progress for silver nanowires conducting film for flexible electronics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Tingting Song ◽  
Lianxu Shi ◽  
Nan Wen ◽  
Zijian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Conducting Film
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