Structural design and antimicrobial properties of polypeptides and saccharide–polypeptide conjugates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
pp. 9173-9196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueming Wu ◽  
Guixue Xia ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
Yufang Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Antimicrobial Mechanism ◽  
Antimicrobial Polypeptides

The development and progress of antimicrobial polypeptides and saccharide–polypeptide conjugates in regards to their structural design, biological functions and antimicrobial mechanism.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera’s Bee Venom

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham El-Seedi ◽  
Aida Abd El-Wahed ◽  
Nermeen Yosri ◽  
Syed Ghulam Musharraf ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
The Impact

Bee venom (BV) is a rich source of secondary metabolites from honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and volatile metabolites. The compounds contribute to the venom’s observed biological functions as per its anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The antimicrobial action of BV has been shown in vitro and in vivo experiments against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The synergistic therapeutic interactions of BV with antibiotics has been reported. The synergistic effect contributes to a decrease in the loading and maintenance dosage, a decrease in the side effects of chemotherapy, and a decrease in drug resistance. To our knowledge, there have been no reviews on the impact of BV and its antimicrobial constituents thus far. The purpose of this review is to address the antimicrobial properties of BV and its compounds.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial peptides of mammals: biological functions different from antibiotic (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Г.М. Алешина
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
New Generation

Антимикробные пептиды животных являются одними из ключевых молекулярных факторов врожденного иммунитета, ответственными за умерщвление потенциально опасных микроорганизмов. В настоящее время охарактеризовано несколько сотен полипептидов и белков с антимикробными свойствами, выделенных из тканей различных видов позвоночных и беспозвоночных животных. Некоторые из этих пептидов локализованы в гранулах фагоцитарных клеток, другие являются гуморальными факторами, и выявляются в различных биологических жидкостях организма. Основной их функцией считается антибиотическое действие, на что указывает и их локализация в гранулах фагоцитов и в слизистых оболочках. Всё чаще они рассматриваются как потенциальные матрицы для создания на их основе антибиотических препаратов нового поколения для медицины и ветеринарии. В то же время появляется всё больше фактов, что их функции не ограничиваются только антимикробным действием. В настоящем обзоре изложены данные о дополнительных свойствах представителей самых распространенных семейств антимикробных пептидов млекопитающих - дефенсинов и кателицидинов. Показано, что они могут выступать как хемоаттрактанты и дегрануляторы тучных клеток, оказывают влияние на продукцию хемокинов и цитокинов, проявляют кортикостатическое действие. Antimicrobial peptides of animals are a key molecular factor of innate immunity responsible for elimination of potentially dangerous microorganisms. At present, several hundred polypeptides and proteins with antimicrobial properties have been isolated from tissues of various vertebrate and invertebrate species and characterized. Some of these peptides are localized in granules of phagocytic cells while others are humoral factors detected in various biological fluids. Their main function is considered to be the antibiotic activity as indicated by their localization in the granules of phagocytes and in epithelial cells. Often, they are considered as potential matrices for new generation antibiotic drugs for medicine and veterinary. At the same time, multiple facts have suggested that their functions are not limited to the antimicrobial activity. This review presents data on additional properties of representatives of the most common families of mammalian antimicrobial peptides, defensins and cathelicidins. It has been shown that they can act as chemoattractants and degranulators of mast cells, influence the production of chemokines and cytokines, and exert a corticostatic effect.

Membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol-dependent domain formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Byrum ◽  
William Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Dependent Domain

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.

The Interaction of β2 Glycoprotein-I and Heparin and Its Effect on β2 Glycoprotein-I Antiphospholipid Antibody Cofactor Function in Plasma

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (04) ◽  
pp. 578-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
T McNally ◽  
S E Cotterell ◽  
I J Mackie ◽  
D A Isenberg ◽  
S J Machin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Calcium Heparin ◽  
Cofactor Activity

Summaryβ2 glycoprotein-I (β2GPI), a cofactor for antiphospholipid antibody (aPA) binding, binds to many anionic macromolecules including heparin. The nature of this interaction with heparin is not well understood and its effect on the purported biological functions of β2GPI is unknown.We have examined the interactions of dermatan sulphate (DS) and different pharmaceutical preparations of heparin with β2GPI by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and investigated the effect of these agents on plasma levels of p2GPI antigen (β2GPI: Ag) by a standardised enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). P2GPI aPA cofactor activity (β2GPI:Cof) was also measured using a modified solid phase an-ti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) ELISA. CIE results confirmed a heparin-β2GPI interaction with unfractionated (UF) heparin. β2GPI:Ag levels were unaffected by any of the preparations investigated. There were no significant differences in β2GPI:Cof activities of the samples containing LMW heparins or DS but levels of β2GPI:Cof were increased in samples containing UF sodium and calcium heparin preparations (0.5 IU/ml Monoparin, p <0.05, and 10 IU/ml Liquemin and Calcipa-rine, p <0.05).

Antimicrobial properties of tannin extracts as animal feed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Štumpf ◽  
G Hostnik ◽  
M Leitgeb ◽  
M Primožič ◽  
U Bren
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties

Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of oligomeric silsesquioxanes containing quaternized nitrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups in organic shell

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
M.A. Gumenna ◽  
◽  
N.S. Klimenko ◽  
A.V. Stryutsky ◽  
D.M. Hodyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Organic Shell
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