scholarly journals Gel rupture during dynamic swelling

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey-Ann Leslie ◽  
Robert Doane-Solomon ◽  
Srishti Arora ◽  
Sabrina J. Curley ◽  
Caroline Szczepanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Dynamic Swelling

A complex, three-stage fracture process is described for hydrogels, resulting in material failure. This process is markedly different than that observed in brittle materials, and we describe how this process varies with network architecture.

CELLULAR AUTOMATON SIMULATION OF THE FRACTURE PROCESS FOR BRITTLE MATERIALS

2015 ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Alekseev ◽  
◽  
G. A. Kazunina ◽  
A. V. Cherednichenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Brittle Materials

A Teaching Note on Failure Criteria and Failure Surfaces for Ductile and Brittle Materials

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Schajer
Keyword(s):  
Isotropic Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Stress Space ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Multiaxial Loadings

This note discusses some basic concepts underlying isotropic material failure criteria under multiaxial loadings. It also describes the shapes and features of the associated failure surfaces in three-dimensional stress space. Failure criteria for ductile materials are first reviewed. They are then generalized so that they may also be applied to brittle materials. The relationships among the various failure criteria, the shapes and characteristics of the associated failure surfaces, and the special features of physically acceptable isotropic failure criteria are then considered.

Three-Dimensional Material Failure Process Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1196-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun An Tang ◽  
Zheng Zhao Liang ◽  
Yong Bin Zhang ◽  
Tao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Cracking Process

This paper introduces a newly developed three-dimensional Material Failure Process Analysis code, MFPA3D to model the failure processes of brittle materials, such as concrete, ceramics, fibrous materials, and rocks. This numerical code, based on a stress analysis method (finite element method) and a material failure constitutive law, can be taken as a tool in numerical modeling analysis to enhance our understanding of the failure mechanisms of brittle materials. Properties of material heterogeneity are taken into account. The material is discretized into numerous small elements with fixed size. Fracture behavior can be modeled by reducing the material stiffness and strength after the peak strength of the material has been reached. The evolution of the cracking process down to full fracture implies strain softening, which describes the post-peak gradual decline of stress at increasing strain. In the present study, a Mohr-Coulomb criterion envelop with a tension cut-off is used so that the element may fail either in shear or in tension. Simulated fracture or crack patterns of two examples are found quite realistic, and the results strongly depend on the heterogeneity level.

scholarly journals Forensic Fractography of Bone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angi Christensen ◽  
John Rickman ◽  
Hugh Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Scientific Fields

Fractography involves the study of fractures and cracks in a material in order to understand the cause of failure. Even as a complex, highly hierarchical composite, bone is a material that obeys physical laws, including cracking behavior. The fields of fractography and fracture mechanics, therefore, have much to offer in our understanding of bone’s response to loading and force. Here we discuss how fractography can be used in the assessment of fractures originating from impacts including those from projectiles. Fractures and fracture patterns frequently associated with impact trauma—including radial fractures, circumferential fractures, and beveling—are described and used interpretively in forensic analyses; however, the mechanisms for their production and arrangement are often underutilized in fully understanding the trauma event. These mechanisms are reviewed here from a fractography perspective. Furthermore, a review is presented of new data indicating that beveling in bone associated with impacts, especially with projectiles, is produced by cone cracking, a process that is also well documented in other brittle materials. This information can be used to enhance understanding of impact trauma in general, as well as in the context of specific forensic cases. Moreover, describing and interpreting skeletal trauma within the context of fracture mechanics and fractography has the advantage of aligning the nomenclature used in forensic anthropology with that used in other scientific fields, particularly those involved in the study of material failure. To facilitate this alignment, we provide discussion and definitions for various fractography-related terms.

Revisiting Failure of Brittle Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young W. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Failure Strength ◽  
Local Point ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Gradient Condition ◽  
Circular Notch

Abstract Failures of isotropic brittle materials were revisited to find out whether there are unified failure criteria which can be applied to a load-carrying structural component made of a brittle material regardless of whether the component has a crack, a circular notch, or neither of these. To this end, a set of failure criteria were considered to determine failure of a local point which may be located at the crack tip, a notch tip, or any other location. The proposed criteria consist of two conditions, of which both must be satisfied for failure to occur. The first condition is that the local stress must not be lower than the failure strength of the material. The second condition is the stress-gradient condition. Even if the stress at a local point far exceeds the failure strength of the material, failure will not initiate until the stress gradient condition is satisfied. Four different examples cases were presented to explain the proposed failure concept.

Toughening Mechanisms in Quasi-Brittle Materials

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Shah ◽  
C. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Process ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fracture Process Zone ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Toughening Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Fracture Processes

Fracture processes in cement-based materials are characterized by a large-scale fracture process zone, localization of deformation, and strain softening. Many studies have been conducted to understand the toughening mechanisms of such quasi-brittle materials and to theoretically model their nonlinear response. This paper summarizes two innovative experimental techniques which are being developed at the ACBM Center to better define the fracture process zone in cement-based materials. A brief summary is also given of two types of theoretical approaches which attempt to simulate some of the observed nonlinear fracture response of these materials.

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