scholarly journals The ratio of hydrogelator to precursor controls the enzymatic hydrogelation of a branched peptide

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (44) ◽  
pp. 10101-10105
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Guo ◽  
Hongjian He ◽  
Beom Jin Kim ◽  
Jiaqing Wang ◽  
Meihui Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume

Here, we report an apparently counterintuitive observation, in which a lower volume fraction of a branched peptide forms a stronger hydrogel after an enterokinase (ENTK) cleaves off the branch from the peptide.

The Study on Microstructural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Germanium Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Rui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature Photoluminescence ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume

The germanium film and Ge/Si multilayer structure were fabricated by magnetron sputtering technique on silicon substrate at temperatures of 500°C. Raman scattering spectroscopy measurements reveal that the nanocrystalline Ge occurs in both kinds of samples. Furthermore, from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) results, it is found that the grain size as well as spatially ordering distribution of the nc-Ge can be modulated by the Ge/Si multilayer structure. The room temperature photoluminescence was also observed in the samples. However, compared with that from the nc-Ge film, the intensity of PL from the nc-Ge/a-Si multilayer film becomes weaker, which is attributed to its lower volume fraction of crystallized component.

scholarly journals An Experimental Validation Study of Ferrofluid Evaporation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan YU ◽  
Decai Li ◽  
Sifang Niu
Keyword(s):  
Base Fluid ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract Kerosene based ferrofluid was put into a test tube to evaporate under different conditions. The weight losses of samples were measured and the evaporation rates were calculated. The predictions of evaporation rates were made based on Bolotov’s model. It was found that the magnetic particles prevent the base fluid from evaporation and lower volume fraction leaded to higher evaporation rate. Bolotov’s model had a certain deviation but still well responsive to different variables. It was also found that the magnetic field made a difference to the evaporation rate.

Dielectric Behavior of Barium Titanate/Carbon Fibers Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 2101-2106
Author(s):  
Zhong Yang Wang ◽  
Xin Yan Li ◽  
Run Hua Fan ◽  
Pei Tao Xie ◽  
Kai Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
High Dielectric Constant ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
High Dielectric

Conductor–insulator composites have been extensive researched for high dielectric constant. Most of them concentrated on metal polymers or metal ceramics. Barium titanate–carbon fibers composites were prepared by using a solid state reaction process with carbon fibers contents ranging from7 vol% to 23 vol%. Due to the high-aspect-ratio of carbon fiber, it was easy to produce a conducting network at much lower volume fraction. FESEM images illustrated that the carbon fibers influenced the densification and microstructure of the ceramics. Besides, addition of carbon fibers led to increase in dielectric permittivity, also had effects on the dielectric loss and ac conductivity. The dielectric and conductivity properties as a function of carbon fibers volume fraction were explained by the percolation theory.

HAYNES® 282™ Alloy: A New Wrought Superalloy Designed for Improved Creep Strength and Fabricability

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Gamma Prime ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Prime Phase

A new wrought, gamma-prime strengthened superalloy, HAYNES 282 alloy, has been developed for high temperature structural applications, especially those in aero and land-based gas turbine engines. The new alloy possesses a unique combination of creep strength, thermal stability, and fabricability not found in currently available commercial alloys. The new alloy has excellent creep strength in the temperature range of 1200 to 1650°F (650 to 900°C), surpassing that of Waspaloy alloy and approaching that of R-41 alloy. This level of creep strength is realized despite the alloy having a significantly lower volume fraction of the strengthening gamma-prime phase. The lower gamma-prime content of the new alloy provides a considerable improvement in terms of fabricability and resistance to strain-age cracking, a problem often associated with this class of alloys. In this paper, the major characteristics and attributes of the new alloy including mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, thermal stability, and weldability are presented.

Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr Alloy for Biomedical Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Dong Mei Jiang ◽  
Tang Sheng Yu ◽  
Dong Hua Jiang ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Zhan Yi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Zr Alloy

The microstructuresandcorrosion properties of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Zralloys were investigated in this study. The results showed that the alloy was mainly composed of -Mg solid solution,Zr particle and the secondary phase of Ca2Mg6Zn3. The grain size of alloy specimens decreased with the increment of Zr content. The corrosion resistances were found to increase from 0.3% to 0.5% and then decrease from 0.5% to 0.7%. The Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Zr had the best corrosion resistance in SBF solution.This was attributed to a combination of (1) the uniform and fine microstructure of alloy, (2) continuous distributions of the secondary phases, and (3) a lower volume fraction of Zr particles.

scholarly journals Influence of Partial Replacement of Si by Al on Microstructure and Properties of Nanostructured Martensitic Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3718
Author(s):  
Hua Zheng ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Oleg Isayev ◽  
Oleksandr Hress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume

Nanostructured martensitic steels comprising nanoscale-martensite and retained austenite were obtained by quenching–partitioning–tempering (Q–P–T) treatment. The influence of partial replacement of Si by Al on the microstructure and properties were studied. Results showed that with partial replacement of Si by Al, except nanoscale-martensite and retained austenite, a little ferrite was also clearly observed. By contrast, with partial replacement of Si by Al, although the ultimate tensile strength (1392 MPa against 1215 MPa) was slightly lower, the elongation after fracture (16.7% against 19.9%) and the toughness (equivalent to the area under the stress–strain curve) (43.1 × 106 against 37.1 × 106 J/m3) were relatively higher. This was because the retained austenite in the steel with partial replacement of Si by Al had higher carbon content, similar volume fraction of film-like morphology, lower volume fraction of blocky morphology and was surrounded by ferrite, which played significant role in the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect.

Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration Treatment on Microstructure of Heat-Resistant Al-Si Alloy

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1523-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu Zhong ◽  
Shu Sen Wu ◽  
Hua Wen Jiang ◽  
Meng Sha ◽  
Ping An
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Primary Si ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Regular Shape ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Eutectic Si ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Solid Temperature

The influences of ultrasonic vibration (USV) treatment on the refining effects of primary Si particles and acicular five-element compounds with rich RE in high silicon Al-Si alloy with complex modification of P and RE were studied. The primary Si particles in this alloy was about 20 μm in size under direct USV for 2 min in the semi-solid temperature range, compared to about 30 μm in the alloy without USV. The primary Si particles in the former distributed more homogeneously and in regular shape, but had lower volume fraction of primary Si than that of the alloy without USV for the solid solubility of Si in α-Al matrix increased with USV. The eutectic Si of this alloy was modified moderately with 0.6% RE and long acicular compounds with rich RE formed which decrease the mechanical properties of alloy for the effect of cutting the matrix. Short rod-like compounds with rich RE about 10~15 μm in length were obtained with the combined effects of USV and T6 heat treatment.

Angle of Incidence and Size Effects on Dependent Scattering in Fibrous Media

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Fresnel Reflection ◽  
Fibrous Media ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Lower Volume

The influence of fiber size and angle of incidence on the radiative behavior of fibrous media containing closely spaced, aligned fibers is investigated by utilizing the dependent scattering theory. Numerical analyses are performed to calculate the coherent and incoherent scattering properties of dense fibrous media for several fiber sizes and angles of incidence. Results indicate that as the fiber concentration increases, the radiative properties deviate from their independent scattering values due to dependent scattering interactions. Dependent scattering becomes dominant at a lower volume fraction at normal than at oblique incidence. Increasing the fiber concentration causes the apparent refractive index of the fibrous medium to deviate from unity, thus giving rise to specular reflection due to Fresnel reflection.

SPECIALTY POLYMERS AND DYNAMICALLY VULCANIZED ALLOYS FOR ULTRA LOW AIR PERMEABILITY TIRE INNER LINERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Ellul ◽  
Yuichi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
End Use

ABSTRACT Brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) specialty elastomers (Exxpro™) or BIMSM (ASTM name) are unique in their low permeability to air combined with a low glass transition temperature, Tg,, and a saturated backbone; making them a choice elastomer for applications requiring air barrier properties. This behavior derives from the geminal dimethyl groups on every other carbon of the polyisobutylene (PIB) backbone causing modification in the bond angles of these chains, allowing them to pack more closely than other saturated hydrocarbons. Dynamically vulcanized alloys (DVAs), also known as thermoplastic vulcanizates (ASTM 5046) of Exxpro™ elastomer and nylon thermoplastic (Exxcore™ DVA), also referred to as BIMSM-Nylon DVA, have much lower permeability to air than BIMSM. The challenge is to maintain the elastomeric nature of the material by having a major volume fraction of BIMSM rubber, while approaching the excellent air barrier characteristics of nylon at a lower volume fraction of the thermoplastic matrix than the dispersed rubber phase. This problem was solved by introducing a functional oligomer that chemically reacts with the nylon. BIMSM-Nylon DVAs consist of submicron sized domains of BIMSM elastomer of tailored molecular structure, in a matrix of nylon and a chemically bound oligomer viscosity modifier. Thus, a reasonable elastomeric modulus is achieved, and the key performance properties of superior air barrier as well as low temperature fatigue resistance are well satisfied. Tire inner liners are the focused end use of BIMSM-Nylon DVA, where the novel material characteristics are targeted to achieve excellent air impermeability, durability, and lightweighting. Optimal combination of these properties is expected to deliver improved performance and sustainable benefits such as fuel economy and lower tire maintenance costs.

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