scholarly journals Microrheological characterization of covalent adaptable hydrogel degradation in response to temporal pH changes that mimic the gastrointestinal tract

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
pp. 6253-6258
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Kelly M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Ph Changes

This work provides a new experimental platform to simultaneously mimic the pH environment in the GI tract and characterize the degradation of a covalent adaptable hydrogel to determine viability of this material as an oral delivery vehicle.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Luminal and Mucosa-Associated Microbiome along the Gastrointestinal Tract: Results from Surgically Treated Preterm Infants and a Murine Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Klymiuk ◽  
Georg Singer ◽  
Christoph Castellani ◽  
Slave Trajanoski ◽  
Beate Obermüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Microbial Composition

Environmental factors, including nutritional habits or birth mode, are known key determinants for intestinal microbial composition. Investigations of the intestinal microbiome in different species in a multiplicity of studies during recent decades have revealed differential microbial patterns and quantities along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Characterization of the microbial pattern in various aspects is a prerequisite for nutritional interventions. In this 16S rRNA amplicon-based approach, we present a characterization of the mucosa-associated microbiome in comparison with the luminal community of four infants at the time of the closure of ileostomies and perform a systematic characterization of the corresponding luminal and mucosal microbiome from jejunal, ileal and colonic regions, as well as collected feces in mice. The most dominant taxa in infant-derived samples altered due to individual differences, and in the mucosa, Enterococcus, Clostridiumsensustricto1, Veillonella, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most abundant. Two less abundant taxa differed significantly between the mucosa and lumen. In murine samples, relative abundances differed significantly, mainly between the intestinal regions. Significant differences between mouse mucosa- and lumen-derived samples could be found in the observed species with a trend to lower estimated diversity in mucosa-derived samples, as well as in the relative abundance of individual taxa. In this study, we examined the difference between the mucosal and luminal bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in a small sample cohort of preterm infants. Individual differences were characterized and statistical significance was reached in two taxa (Cupriavidus, Ralstonia). The corresponding study on the different murine intestinal regions along the GI tract showed differences all over the intestinal region.

scholarly journals Microrheological characterization of covalent adaptable hydrogels for applications in oral delivery

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 5921-5932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Kelly M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold

μ2rheology, microrheology in a microfluidic device, is used to characterize a covalent adaptable hydrogel scaffold in pH environments that mimic the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Virus Manifestations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
André Jefremow ◽  
Markus F. Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
Novel Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> About 1 year ago a novel virus – SARS-CoV-2 – began to spread around the world. It can lead to the disease COVID-19, which has caused more than 1 million deaths already. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> While it was first recognized as a disease leading to pneumonia and lung failure, we know by now that COVID-19 is more complex. COVID-19 is a systemic hyperinflammatory disease affecting not only the lungs, but also many other organs. Especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is often involved in COVID-19. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This review provides an overview of the different affected organs of the GI tract and offers information on how gastroenterologists should take care of their patients with different GI disorders.

scholarly journals Polymeric Micelles, a Promising Drug Delivery System to Enhance Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Peixue Ling ◽  
Tianmin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Accepted Form

Oral administration is the most commonly used and readily accepted form of drug delivery; however, it is find that many drugs are difficult to attain enough bioavailability when administered via this route. Polymeric micelles (PMs) can overcome some limitations of the oral delivery acting as carriers able to enhance drug absorption, by providing (1) protection of the loaded drug from the harsh environment of the GI tract, (2) release of the drug in a controlled manner at target sites, (3) prolongation of the residence time in the gut by mucoadhesion, and (4) inhibition of efflux pumps to improve the drug accumulation. To explain the mechanisms for enhancement of oral bioavailability, we discussed the special stability of PMs, the controlled release properties of pH-sensitive PMs, the prolongation of residence time with mucoadhesive PMs, and the P-gp inhibitors commonly used in PMs, respectively. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential of PMs for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs with bioavailability being well maintained.

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