scholarly journals Electrofuels from excess renewable electricity at high variable renewable shares: cost, greenhouse gas abatement, carbon use and competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Renewable transport fuels stem either from renewable electricity or biomass. We perform a model-based systems analysis of the usage of electricity, biomass and carbon for fuel production, focusing on greenhouse gas abatement and cost.

scholarly journals Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
The Cost

Increasing shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation are necessary for achieving high renewable shares in all energy sectors. This results in increased excess renewable electricity (ERE) at times when supply exceeds demand. ERE can be utilized as a low-emission energy source for sectorcouplingthroughhydrogenproductionviaelectrolysis, whichcanbeuseddirectlyorcombined with a carbon source to produce electrofuels. Such fuels are crucial for the transport sector, where renewable alternatives are scarce. However, while ERE increases with raising VRE shares, carbon emissions decrease and may become a limited resource with several usage options, including carbon storage (CCS). These counteracting effects for the electrofuel production have not been analysed before. Here we perform a model based analysis for the German case until 2050, with a general analysis for regions with a high VRE reliance. Results indicate that ERE-based electrofuels can achieveagreenhousegas(GHG)abatementof74MtCO2eqyearly(46%ofcurrentGermantransport emissions) by displacing fossil fuels, at high fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) shares, at a cost of 250320 € t CO2eq−1. The capital expenditure of electrolysers was found not to be crucial for the cost, despitelowcapacityfactorsduetovariableEREpatterns. Carbonwilllikelybecomealimitingfactor when aiming for stringent climate targets and renewable electricity-based hydrocarbon electrofuels replacing fossil fuels achieve up to 70% more GHG abatement than CCS. Given (1) an unsaturated demandforrenewablehydrocarbonfuels,(2)asaturatedrenewablehydrogendemandand(3)unused ERE capacities which would otherwise be curtailed, we find that carbon is better used for renewable fuel production than being stored.<br>

scholarly journals Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
The Cost

Increasing shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation are necessary for achieving high renewable shares in all energy sectors. This results in increased excess renewable electricity (ERE) at times when supply exceeds demand. ERE can be utilized as a low-emission energy source for sectorcouplingthroughhydrogenproductionviaelectrolysis, whichcanbeuseddirectlyorcombined with a carbon source to produce electrofuels. Such fuels are crucial for the transport sector, where renewable alternatives are scarce. However, while ERE increases with raising VRE shares, carbon emissions decrease and may become a limited resource with several usage options, including carbon storage (CCS). These counteracting effects for the electrofuel production have not been analysed before. Here we perform a model based analysis for the German case until 2050, with a general analysis for regions with a high VRE reliance. Results indicate that ERE-based electrofuels can achieveagreenhousegas(GHG)abatementof74MtCO2eqyearly(46%ofcurrentGermantransport emissions) by displacing fossil fuels, at high fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) shares, at a cost of 250320 € t CO2eq−1. The capital expenditure of electrolysers was found not to be crucial for the cost, despitelowcapacityfactorsduetovariableEREpatterns. Carbonwilllikelybecomealimitingfactor when aiming for stringent climate targets and renewable electricity-based hydrocarbon electrofuels replacing fossil fuels achieve up to 70% more GHG abatement than CCS. Given (1) an unsaturated demandforrenewablehydrocarbonfuels,(2)asaturatedrenewablehydrogendemandand(3)unused ERE capacities which would otherwise be curtailed, we find that carbon is better used for renewable fuel production than being stored.<br>

A model-based approach to measuring denitrification and greenhouse gas production in lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Falco Ajambo-Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Schmidt Number ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
System Model ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
System Metabolism

An existing whole-system model based on changes in dissolved N₂ concentration was modified for lentic systems. Field validations carried out at Christie Lake in Dundas, ON and Turtle Pond in Stoney Creek, ON (Canada). New model inputs included air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity, and Schmidt number. Mont Carlo analysis was integrated into the model to better constrain error in model estimates of denitrification, whole-system metabolism, and greenhouse gas production. Denitrification rates ranged from -419-4415 µmol N.m-².h-¹ in Christie Lake and from 10-74 µmol N.m-².h-¹ in Turtle Pond. N₂O production ranged from 915-10,635 nmol N.m-².h-¹ in Christie Lake and from -344-131 nmol N.m-².h-¹ in Turtle Pond. The whole-system model allows for the examination of biogeochemical processes at ecologically significant temporal and spatial scales.

scholarly journals Estimating the supply of oilseed acreage for sustainable aviation fuel production: taking account of farmers’ willingness to adopt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner J. McCollum ◽  
Steven M. Ramsey ◽  
Jason S. Bergtold ◽  
Graciela Andrango
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract Background Continued progress towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions will require efforts across many industries. Though aviation is estimated to account for modest portions of global greenhouse gas emissions, these shares may grow as the industry expands. The use of biomass- and crop-based sustainable aviation fuels can help reduce emissions in the industry. However, limited feedstock supplies are a barrier to increased use of these fuels. This study examines the potential supply of feedstock from oilseeds and farmer willingness to produce oilseed crops under contract for sustainable aviation fuel production with a focus on canola and similar oilseed feedstocks (e.g., rapeseed). Stated-choice survey data is used to examine the contract and crop features that drive contract acceptance in six states located in the U.S. Great Plains and Pacific Northwest and then acreage supply curves are estimated for canola using secondary data. Main findings The estimated number of acres supplied under contract varies considerably across states and scenarios. Relatedly, estimated supply curves exhibit high degrees of price responsiveness. Of the states analyzed, oilseed acreages supplied under contract are generally found to be greatest in Kansas and North Dakota. Conclusions Results suggest that in the absence of favorable contract and crop scenarios canola and other oilseed prices will need to considerably increase from typical levels to induce higher levels of supplied acres. The presence of crop insurance, shorter contract lengths that provide cost sharing and the availability of particular crop attributes are shown to diminish the need for higher canola and other oilseed prices.

scholarly journals Model-based analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction potential through farm-scale digestion

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine L.I. Vergote ◽  
Wouter J.C. Vanrolleghem ◽  
Caroline Van der Heyden ◽  
Anke E.J. De Dobbelaere ◽  
Jeroen Buysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Discounting and the Economic Costs of Altruism in Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Kyklos ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Stephan ◽  
Georg Müller-Fürstenberger
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Assessing impacts of greenhouse gas abatement measures on urban freight

2004 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Leorey Marquez ◽  
Nariida Smith ◽  
David Kilsby ◽  
Mike Taylor ◽  
Rocco Zito
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Greenhouse gas abatement under ambiguity

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Welsch
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Greenhouse Gas Abatement in Norwegian Agriculture: Costs or Benefits?

EuroChoices ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blandford ◽  
Ivar Gaasland ◽  
Erling Vårdal
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement
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