The impact of carbonate salts on char formation and gas evolution during the slow pyrolysis of biomass, cellulose, and lignin

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 5987-6003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Jalalabadi ◽  
Matthew Drewery ◽  
Priscilla Tremain ◽  
John Wilkinson ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Char Formation ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Carbonate Salts ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with the modification of chars derived from different biomass samples (woody biomass, cellulose and lignin).

scholarly journals Substrates for slow pyrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Václav Peer ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Jan Kielar ◽  
Drahomír Mašek
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Slow pyrolysis of solid materials can produce new materials usable for energy or chemical industry. The advantage of pyrolysis devices is the simple construction and process control and the ability to utilize materials with different properties (composition, ash content). Produced gaseous, liquid and solid materials could be used as a sources of energy, raw materials in chemical industry or substances for improving of soil properties. At article are described products of slow pyrolysis of biomass (wood chips), agrifuels (hay, wheat straw) and sewage sludge.

Secondary char formation in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Fuel ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 990-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio A. Zaror ◽  
Ian S. Hutchings ◽  
D.Leo Pyle ◽  
Hugh N. Stiles ◽  
Rafael Kandiyoti
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Char Formation ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

scholarly journals Genetic Modification of KNAT7 Transcription Factor Expression Enhances Saccharification and Reduces Recalcitrance of Woody Biomass in Poplars

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Kumar Ahlawat ◽  
Akula Nookaraju ◽  
Anne E. Harman-Ware ◽  
Crissa Doeppke ◽  
Ajaya K. Biswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Saccharification Efficiency ◽  
Transgenic Poplars ◽  
Specific Alteration ◽  
Guaiacyl Lignin ◽  
Transcription Factor Expression ◽  
The Impact

The precise role of KNAT7 transcription factors (TFs) in regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in poplars has remained unknown, while our understanding of KNAT7 functions in other plants is continuously evolving. To study the impact of genetic modifications of homologous and heterologous KNAT7 gene expression on SCW formation in transgenic poplars, we prepared poplar KNAT7 (PtKNAT7) overexpression (PtKNAT7-OE) and antisense suppression (PtKNAT7-AS) vector constructs for the generation of transgenic poplar lines via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Since the overexpression of homologous genes can sometimes result in co-suppression, we also overexpressed Arabidopsis KNAT7 (AtKNAT7-OE) in transgenic poplars. In all these constructs, the expression of KNAT7 transgenes was driven by developing xylem (DX)-specific promoter, DX15. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, many SCW biosynthesis genes downstream of KNAT7 were highly expressed in poplar PtKNAT7-OE and AtKNAT7-OE lines. Yet, no significant increase in lignin content of woody biomass of these transgenic lines was observed. PtKNAT7-AS lines, however, showed reduced expression of many SCW biosynthesis genes downstream of KNAT7 accompanied by a reduction in lignin content of wood compared to WT controls. Syringyl to Guaiacyl lignin (S/G) ratios were significantly increased in all three KNAT7 knockdown and overexpression transgenic lines than WT controls. These transgenic lines were essentially indistinguishable from WT controls in terms of their growth phenotype. Saccharification efficiency of woody biomass was significantly increased in all transgenic lines than WT controls. Overall, our results demonstrated that developing xylem-specific alteration of KNAT7 expression affects the expression of SCW biosynthesis genes, impacting at least the lignification process and improving saccharification efficiency, hence providing one of the powerful tools for improving bioethanol production from woody biomass of bioenergy crops and trees.

The impact of particle size and maceral segregation on char formation in a packed bed combustion unit

Fuel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Malumbazo ◽  
N.J. Wagner ◽  
J.R. Bunt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Char Formation ◽  
The Impact

Rotary Kiln Slow Pyrolysis for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste: Part 2 — Introducing Product Yields in the Energy Balance

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Simone Colantoni ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Time Part ◽  
The University ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Solid Motion

A micro scale electrically heated rotary kiln for slow pyrolysis of biomass and waste was designed and built at the University of Perugia. The reactor is connected to a scrubbing section, for tar removal, and to a monitored combustion chamber to evaluate the LHV of the syngas. The system allows the evaluation of gas, tar and char yields for different pyrolysis temperature and residence time. The feeding screw conveyor and the kiln are rigidly connected; therefore a modification of the flow rate implies a modification of the inside solid motion and of residence time. Part I of the paper describes the theoretical and experimental evaluation of the working envelope of the reactor, as a function of feedstock density and humidity content, to obtain pyrolysis conditions inside the kiln. This paper describes the development and resolution of an energy balance of the reactor under pyrolysis conditions. Once the rotational speed n is fixed, the aim of the balance is to obtain the composition of the yields of the pyrolysis of wood biomass, in terms of syngas, tar and char. Results can be used to choose the correct rotational speed before doing the real pyrolysis test.

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