Energy efficiency and economic assessment of imported energy carriers based on renewable electricity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 2256-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hank ◽  
André Sternberg ◽  
Nikolas Köppel ◽  
Marius Holst ◽  
Tom Smolinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Distance Distribution ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Efficiency Assessment

Energy and cost efficiency assessment of PtX energy carriers including long-distance distribution via ship for the import of renewable energy.

scholarly journals A new perspective on global renewable energy systems: why trade in energy carriers matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2022-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schmidt ◽  
Katharina Gruber ◽  
Michael Klingler ◽  
Claude Klöckl ◽  
Luis Ramirez Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
New Perspective

Recent modelling studies suggest a decline of long-distance trade in energy carriers in future global renewable energy systems, compared to today's fossil based systems. In contrast, we discuss four important drivers of trade in such systems.

scholarly journals Thirty years of climate mitigation: lessons from the 1989 options appraisal for the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin Lees ◽  
Nick Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Support Unit ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIn April 1989, the UK Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, convened a full cabinet meeting on climate change addressed by leading scientists. The presentation on mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions was made by the Head of the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU), Ken Currie, and identified the key potential options for mitigation by 2020. In this paper, we compare the mitigation potential identified for each proposed option with the 2019 outturn. The largest mitigation options identified were improved end use energy efficiency across the economy and the generation and use of low carbon electricity. Our analysis finds that these have been the key options adopted. Reductions in primary energy use, resulting from improvements in energy efficiency were concentrated in the period 2005–2012 which in 1989 were widely considered to be ambitious. Decarbonisation of electricity has been achieved by the displacement of coal, initially by gas and more recently by renewable electricity. Renewable electricity has exceeded 1989 expectations in the last 5 years and is now the biggest source of CO2 reductions from electricity generation. The contribution envisaged by nuclear electricity has not occurred, largely due its failure to compete in liberalised generation markets. In all cases, the policy environment has been important. We draw lessons for mitigation options to achieve the goal of net zero emissions in the next 30 years. The contribution of demand side and other modular options will remain crucial, as mass-produced technologies tend to improve more quickly than those requiring large construction projects. Environmental, social and political factors will be important, so analysis should not be a purely techno-economic assessment.

scholarly journals A new perspective on global renewable energy systems: why trade in energy carriers matters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schmidt ◽  
Katharina Gruber ◽  
Michael Klingler ◽  
Claude Klöckl ◽  
Luis Ramirez Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Change Mitigation

Recent global modelling studies suggest a decline of long-distance trade in energy carriers in future global renewable energy systems, compared to today’s fossil fuel energy system. In contrast, we identified four crucial drivers that enable trade of renewable energy carriers. These drivers could make trade remain at current levels or even increase during the transition to an energy system with very high shares of renewables. First, new land-efficient technologies for renewable fuel production become increasingly available and technically allow for long-distance trade in renewables. Second, regional differences in social acceptance and land availability for energy infrastructure support the development of renewable fuel import and export streams. Third, the economics of renewable energy systems, i.e. the different production conditions globally and the high costs of fully renewable regional electricity systems, will create opportunities for spatial arbitrage. Fourth, the reduction of stranded investments in the fossil fuel sector is possible by switching from fossil fuel to renewable fuel trade in exporting regions.The impact of these drivers on trade in energy carriers is currently under-investigated by the global energy research community. Therefore, we call for a major research effort in this field, in particular as trade can redistribute profits and losses of climate change mitigation and may hence support finding new partners in climate change mitigation negotiations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of energy efficiency of the long distance energy transport systems for renewable energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
S.P. Popov ◽  
O.A. Baldynov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

This article describes the systems of long-distance transport of energy from renewable energy sources. A comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of energy complexes in the transport of energy analysis is performed carriers such as electricity and hydrogen in a liquefied and chemically bound state.

Assessment of bioenergy development potential in agricultural enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Iryna Hryhoruk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential

Exhaustion of traditional energy resources, their uneven geographical location, and catastrophic changes in the environment necessitate the transition to renewable energy resources. Moreover, Ukraine's economy is critically dependent on energy exports, and in some cases, the dependence is not only economic but also political, which in itself poses a threat to national security. One of the ways to solve this problem is the large-scale introduction and use of renewable energy resources, bioenergy in particular. The article summarizes and offers methods for assessing the energy potential of agriculture. In our country, a significant amount of biomass is produced every year, which remains unused. A significant part is disposed of due to incineration, which significantly harms the environment and does not allow earning additional funds. It is investigated that the bioenergy potential of agriculture depends on the geographical distribution and varies in each region of Ukraine. Studies have shown that as of 2019 the smallest share in the total amount of conventional fuel that can be obtained from agricultural waste and products suitable for energy production accounts for Zakarpattya region - 172.5 thousand tons. (0.5% of the total) and Chernivtsi region - 291.3 thousand tons. (0.9%). Poltava region has the greatest potential - 2652.2 thousand tons. (7.8%) and Vinnytsia - 2623.7 thousand tons. (7.7%). It should be noted that the use of the energy potential of biomass in Ukraine can be called unsatisfactory. The share of biomass in the provision of primary energy consumption is very small. For bioenergy to occupy its niche in the general structure of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for its stimulation. In addition, an effective strategy for the development of the bioenergy sector of agriculture is needed. The article considers the general energy potential of agriculture, its indicative structure. The analysis is also made in terms of areas. In addition, an economic assessment of the possible use of existing potential is identified.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Both Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Power Supply in Japan: The Case of Fukushima Prefecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Takatsu ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy security and vulnerability have become critical issues facing the Japanese energy system. The integration of renewable energy sources to meet specific regional energy demand is a promising scenario to overcome these challenges. To this aim, this paper proposes a novel hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), in which hydrogen fuel can be produced using both the methods of solar electrolysis and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass feedstock. The produced hydrogen is considered to function as an energy storage medium by storing renewable energy until the fuel cell converts it to electricity. The proposed HRES is used to meet the electricity demand load requirements for a typical household in a selected residential area located in Shinchi-machi in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The techno-economic assessment of deploying the proposed systems was conducted, using an integrated simulation-optimization modeling framework, considering two scenarios: (1) minimization of the total cost of the system in an off-grid mode and (2) maximization of the total profit obtained from using renewable electricity and selling surplus solar electricity to the grid, considering the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme in a grid-tied mode. As indicated by the model results, the proposed HRES can generate about 47.3 MWh of electricity in all scenarios, which is needed to meet the external load requirement in the selected study area. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the system in scenarios 1 and 2 was estimated at 55.92 JPY/kWh and 56.47 JPY/kWh, respectively.

scholarly journals Different Scenarios for the National Transmission Grid, Considering the Extensive Use of On-Site Renewable Energy in the Mexican Housing Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ivan Oropeza-Perez ◽  
Astrid H Petzold-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The Mexican national electricity transmission and distribution grid (SEN, initials in Spanish) is characterized by the high interconnection between its several electricity generation plants and the millions of final consumers throughout the country. This feature, which is seen first as an adequate transmission and distribution method for electricity between producer and consumer, has the inconvenience of being highly complex when renewable energy is introduced into the SEN. The random nature of renewable energy means that coordination between the producer and consumer is difficult; therefore, these energy sources are considered by the Mexican Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE, initials in Spanish) without priority in their generation and distribution. In this document, a solution for this is given by the consideration of on-site photovoltaic production in the Mexican residential sector, setting a straightforward relationship between production and consumption, neglecting the long-distance transmission, and freeing the transmission and distribution through the SEN at certain hours of the day. Different scenarios are studied, considering the level of penetration of this renewable energy technology into the housing sector. In this way, it is found that, if 80% of the total Mexican dwellings hold a photovoltaic roof, in some seasons of the year, a large part the total national demand can be fulfilled by the photovoltaic generation if certain systems—such as bidirectional smart meters—are applied. In this sense, the results show that, if 80% of the Mexican dwellings had a photovoltaic roof, there would be a money saving of 3418 Million USD and a mitigation of 25 million tons CO2e, for 2018. With this, it is concluded that renewable energy in Mexico could provide a much greater share if the electricity is produced in the same place where it will be consumed. This might be possible in Mexico due to the high interconnection of the transmission and distribution grid, which would manage the surplus electricity generation in the dwellings in a proper manner.

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