scholarly journals Deep-red fluorescence from isolated dimers: a highly bright excimer and imaging in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6020-6025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Luo ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Huili Ma ◽  
Chunyan Lv ◽  
Xueyan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Red Fluorescence

A strategy is proposed to realize high-efficiency, solid-state and NIR-emissive organic molecules based on HLCT state and separated dimeric stacks.

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

High-Efficiency Longitudinal Diode Bar Pumping of Solid-State Lasers.

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd S. Rose ◽  
James S. Swenson ◽  
Renny A. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid State Lasers

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

scholarly journals A novel dephosphorylation targeting chimera selectively promoting tau removal in tauopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Na Tian ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yidian Zhang ◽  
Jingfen Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Hyperphosphorylated Tau ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Dependent Learning ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIntraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a hallmark pathology shown in over twenty neurodegenerative disorders, collectively termed as tauopathies, including the most common Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, selectively removing or reducing hyperphosphorylated tau is promising for therapies of AD and other tauopathies. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel DEPhosphorylation TArgeting Chimera (DEPTAC) to specifically facilitate the binding of tau to Bα-subunit-containing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-Bα), the most active tau phosphatase in the brain. The DEPTAC exhibited high efficiency in dephosphorylating tau at multiple AD-associated sites and preventing tau accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that DEPTAC significantly improved microtubule assembly, neurite plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in transgenic mice with inducible overexpression of truncated and neurotoxic human tau N368. Our data provide a strategy for selective removal of the hyperphosphorylated tau, which sheds new light for the targeted therapy of AD and related-tauopathies.

scholarly journals In vivo genome editing in mouse restores dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient muscle fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglong Chen ◽  
Hui Shi ◽  
Shixue Gou ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Cells

Abstract Background Mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin—a critical structural element in muscle cells—cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is the most common fatal genetic disease. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated gene editing is a promising strategy for permanently curing DMD. Methods In this study, we developed a novel strategy for reframing DMD mutations via CRISPR-mediated large-scale excision of exons 46–54. We compared this approach with other DMD rescue strategies by using DMD patient-derived primary muscle-derived stem cells (DMD-MDSCs). Furthermore, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) DMD mouse model was established by transplanting DMD-MDSCs into immunodeficient mice. CRISPR gene editing components were intramuscularly delivered into the mouse model by adeno-associated virus vectors. Results Results demonstrated that the large-scale excision of mutant DMD exons showed high efficiency in restoring dystrophin protein expression. We also confirmed that CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1(Cas12a)-mediated genome editing could correct DMD mutation with the same efficiency as CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). In addition, more than 10% human DMD muscle fibers expressed dystrophin in the PDX DMD mouse model after treated by the large-scale excision strategies. The restored dystrophin in vivo was functional as demonstrated by the expression of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex member β-dystroglycan. Conclusions We demonstrated that the clinically relevant CRISPR/Cas9 could restore dystrophin in human muscle cells in vivo in the PDX DMD mouse model. This study demonstrated an approach for the application of gene therapy to other genetic diseases.

Development and maintenance of force and stiffness in airway smooth muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Lan ◽  
Brandon A. Norris ◽  
Jeffrey C.-Y. Liu ◽  
Peter D. Paré ◽  
Chun Y. Seow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Deep Inspiration ◽  
Contractile Apparatus ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Actomyosin Interaction ◽  
Filament Network

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays a central role in the excessive narrowing of the airway that characterizes the primary functional impairment in asthma. This phenomenon is known as airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Emerging evidence suggests that the development and maintenance of ASM force involves dynamic reorganization of the subcellular filament network in both the cytoskeleton and the contractile apparatus. In this review, evidence is presented to support the view that regulation of ASM contraction extends beyond the classical actomyosin interaction and involves processes within the cytoskeleton and at the interfaces between the cytoskeleton, the contractile apparatus, and the extracellular matrix. These processes are initiated when the muscle is activated, and collectively they cause the cytoskeleton and the contractile apparatus to undergo structural transformation, resulting in a more connected and solid state that allows force generated by the contractile apparatus to be transmitted to the extracellular domain. Solidification of the cytoskeleton also serves to stiffen the muscle and hence the airway. Oscillatory strain from tidal breathing and deep inspiration is believed to be the counter balance that prevents hypercontraction and stiffening of ASM in vivo. Dysregulation of this balance could lead to AHR seen in asthma.

Design of a High-Efficiency 40-kV, 150-A, 3-kHz Solid-State Pulsed Power Modulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2569-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Bok Ok ◽  
Hong-Je Ryoo ◽  
Sung-Roc Jang ◽  
Suk-Ho Ahn ◽  
Gennadi Goussev
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pulsed Power

scholarly journals Carbon nanotube film replacing silver in high-efficiency solid-state dye solar cells employing polymer hole conductor

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3139-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerttu Aitola ◽  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Nick Vlachopoulos ◽  
Janne Halme ◽  
Antti Kaskela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Solid State ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Film ◽  
Dye Solar Cells
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