scholarly journals Intrinsically flame-retardant polyamide 66 with high flame retardancy and mechanical properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Jingnan Zhang ◽  
Siming Lian ◽  
Yifan He ◽  
Xinyu Cao ◽  
Jiaming Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Key Factor

The key factor in the synthesis of intrinsic flame retardant polymers is the thermal stability and reactivity of phosphorus-based flame retardants.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Yilin Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Miaojun Xu ◽  
Lili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Average Mass

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer has been used extensively in many fields. However, EVA is flammable and releases CO gas during burning. In this work, a composite flame retardant with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a charring–foaming agent (CFA), and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing rare-earth elements (REEs) was obtained and used to improve the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke suppression for an EVA matrix. The thermal analysis showed that the maximum thermal degradation temperature of all composites increased by more than 37 °C compared with that of pure EVA. S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA could achieve self-extinguishing behavior according to the UL-94 tests (V-0 rating). The peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) indicated that all LDHs containing REEs obviously reduced the fire strength in comparison with S-MgAl. In particular, pk-HRR of S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA were all decreased by more than 82% in comparison with pure EVA. Furthermore, the total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and production rate of CO (COP) also decreased significantly. The average mass loss rate (AMLR) confirmed that the flame retardant exerted an effect in the condensed phase of the composites. Meanwhile, the combination of APP, CFA, and LDH containing REEs allowed the EVA matrix to maintain good mechanical properties.

scholarly journals A bio-based phosphaphenanthrene-containing derivative modified epoxy thermosets with good flame retardancy, high mechanical properties and transparency

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 30943-30954
Author(s):  
Wei Peng ◽  
Yu-xuan Xu ◽  
Shi-bin Nie ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Phosphorus-containing flame retardants have received huge interest for improving the flame retardant behavior of epoxy resins (EP) over the past few decades.

scholarly journals Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Masterbatch Prepared Through Different Processes and Its Application in EPDM/PP Thermoplastic Elastomer: Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidi He ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Xiaolang Chen ◽  
Jianbing Guo ◽  
Dengfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

In this work, the ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP) thermoplastic elastomer filled with intumescent flame retardants (IFR) is fabricated by melting blend. The IFR are constituted with melamine phosphate-pentaerythritol (MP/PER) by compounding and reactive extruding, respectively. The effects of two kinds of MP/PER with different contents on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of materials are investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter test (CCT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR results show that the reactive extruded MP/PER partly generates melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) compared with compound masterbatches. TGA data indicate that the best thermal stability is achieved when the molar ratio of MP/PER reaches 1.8. All the reactive samples show a higher flame retardancy than compound ones. The CCT results also exhibit the same trend as above in heat release and smoke production rate. The EPDM/PP composites filled with 30 and 35% reactive MP/PER exhibit the improved flame retardancy but become stiffer and more brittle. SEM photos display that better dispersion and smaller particle size are obtained for reactive samples.

scholarly journals Solid Wastes Toward Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhua Gao ◽  
Siqi Huo ◽  
Zhenhu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Recycle And Reuse

It has been significant yet challenging to recycle and reuse different kinds of wastes because of their mass production within society. Many efforts have been conducted to reuse wastes in different fields. Interestingly, some wastes have been employed to replace traditional petroleum-based flame retardants for polymeric materials. This review focuses on the recent development of waste flame retardants and their impacts on thermal stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of polymers, followed by representative flame-retardant mechanisms. Finally, the key challenges associated with waste flame retardants are presented, and some future perspectives are proposed.

Synthesis and characterization of a phosphorus-containing flame retardant with double bonds and its application in bismaleimide resins

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (123) ◽  
pp. 101480-101486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Hongxia Yan ◽  
Shuyao Feng ◽  
Song Niu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Bismaleimide Resin ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Bismaleimide Resins

A novel reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant was synthesized and used to modify bismaleimide resin. According to investigations, the modified bismaleimide resin has good mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy.

scholarly journals Combination of Corn Pith Fiber and Biobased Flame Retardant: A Novel Method toward Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, and Mechanical Properties of Polylactide

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Yunxian Yang ◽  
De-Yi Wang ◽  
Laia Haurie ◽  
Zhiqi Liu ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
In Situ Modification ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Some crop by-products are considered to be promising materials for the development of novel biobased products for industrial applications. The flammability of these alternatives to conventional materials is a constraint to expanded applications. Polylactide (PLA) composites containing a combination of oxidized corn pith fiber (OCC) and a biobased flame retardant (PA-THAM) have been prepared via an in situ modification method. SEM/EDS, FTIR and TGA were performed to establish that PA-THAM was coated onto the surface of OCC. The mechanical properties, thermal stability and fire behavior of PLA-based biocomposites were investigated. The incorporation of 5 phr PA-THAM imparted biocomposite good interfacial adhesion and increased decomposition temperature at 10% mass loss by 50 °C. The flame retardant properties were also improved, as reflected by an increased LOI value, a UL-94 V-2 rating, reduction of PHRR, and increased formation of char residue. Therefore, the introduction of 5 phr PA-THAM can maintain a good balance between flame retardancy and mechanical properties of this PLA/OCC system.

scholarly journals Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Noha Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
Angela Daniela La Rosa ◽  
Ahmed Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers

Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

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