scholarly journals Grafting of anti-nucleolin aptamer into preformed and remotely loaded liposomes through aptamer-cholesterol post-insertion

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 36219-36229
Author(s):  
Hamdi Nsairat ◽  
Ismail S. Mahmoud ◽  
Fadwa Odeh ◽  
Duaa Abuarqoub ◽  
Hafsa Al-Azzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Combination ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Active Loading

A new combination strategy of an active loading and active targeting approach was applied in this work.

scholarly journals A new combination strategy to enhance apoptosis in cancer cells by using nanoparticles as biocompatible drug delivery carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Kucuksayan ◽  
Fatih Bozkurt ◽  
Mustafa Tahsin Yilmaz ◽  
Aslinur Sircan-Kucuksayan ◽  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Normal Cells

AbstractSome experimental and clinical studies have been conducted for the usage of chemotherapeutic drugs encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs). However, no study has been conducted so far on the co-encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and epoxomicin (Epo) into NPs as biocompatible drug delivery carriers. Therefore, we investigated if co-encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and/or epoxomicin (Epo) into NPs enhance their anticancer efficiency and prevent drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells. We synthesized Dox and/or Epo loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterized them in terms of their particle size and stability, surface, molecular, thermal, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release properties. We studied the effects of drug encapsulated NPs on cellular accumulation, intracellular drug levels, oxidative stress status, cellular viability, drug resistance, 20S proteasome activity, cytosolic Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB-p65), and apoptosis in breast cancer and normal cells. Our results proved that the nanoparticles we synthesized were thermally stable possessing higher encapsulation efficiency and particle stability. Thermal, morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated the presence of Dox and/or Epo within NPs, indicating that they were successfully loaded. Cell line assays proved that Dox and Epo loaded NPs were less cytotoxic to single-layer normal HUVECs than free Dox and Epo, suggesting that the NPs would be biocompatible drug delivery carriers. The apoptotic index of free Dox and Epo increased 50% through their encapsulation into NPs, proving combination strategy to enhance apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the co-encapsulation of Dox and Epo within NPs would be a promising treatment strategy to overcome multidrug resistance and toxicity to normal tissues that can be studied in further in vivo and clinical studies in breast cancer.

scholarly journals ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Castelli ◽  
Lina Rachele Tomasoni ◽  
Alberto Matteelli
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Artemisinin Derivatives ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Selection Of

Malaria still claims a heavy toll of deaths and disabilities even at the beginning of the third millennium. The inappropriate sequential use of drug monotherapy in the past has facilitated the spread of drug-resistant P. falciparum, and to a lesser extend P. vivax, strains in most of the malaria endemic areas, rendering most anti-malarial ineffective. In the last decade, a new combination strategy based on artemisinin derivatives (ACT) has become the standard of treatment for most P. falciparum malaria infections. This strategy could prevent the selection of resistant strains by rapidly decreasing the parasitic burden (by the artemisinin derivative, mostly artesunate) and exposing the residual parasite to effective concentrations of the partner drug. The widespread use of this strategy is somehow constrained by cost and by the inappropriate use of artemisinin, with possible impact on resistance, as already sporadically observed in South East Asia. Parenteral artesunate has now become the standard of care for severe malaria, even if quinine still retains its value in case artesunate is not immediately available. The appropriateness of pre-referral use of suppository artesunate is under close monitoring, while waiting for an effective anti-malarial vaccine to be made available.

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Human Red Blood Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
A.J. Tousimis ◽  
T.R. Padden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Scanning Electron

The size, shape and surface morphology of human erythrocytes (RBC) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the fixed material directly and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of surface replicas to compare the relative merits of these two observational procedures for this type specimen.A sample of human blood was fixed in glutaraldehyde and washed in distilled water by centrifugation. The washed RBC's were spread on freshly cleaved mica and on aluminum coated microscope slides and then air dried at room temperature. The SEM specimens were rotary coated with 150Å of 60:40- gold:palladium alloy in a vacuum evaporator using a new combination spinning and tilting device. The TEM specimens were preshadowed with platinum and then rotary coated with carbon in the same device. After stripping the RBC-Pt-C composite film, the RBC's were dissolved in 2.5N HNO3 followed by 0.2N NaOH leaving the preshadowed surface replicas showing positive topography.

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