scholarly journals Sequestration of pyridinium herbicides in plants by carboxylated pillararenes possessing different alkyl chains

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 35136-35140
Author(s):  
Mian Tang ◽  
Qiang Bian ◽  
Ying-Ming Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Supramolecular Complexation

We report that the sequestration of pyridinium-containing herbicides can be achieved on plant foliage through the strong supramolecular complexation with water-soluble pillararenes.

Catalytic Oxidation of 2-Mercaptoethanol by Cationic Water-soluble Phthalocyaninatocobalt(II) Complexes

1997 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUTSUMI KIMURA ◽  
YUJI YAMAGUCHI ◽  
TOSHIKI KOYAMA ◽  
KENJI HANABUSA ◽  
HIROFUSA SHIRAI
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectra ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
The Stability

The cationic amphiphilic cobalt(II) phthalocyanines have been prepared, and are characterized by UV-absorption spectra in water and organic solvents and in their mixtures. The monomer–dimer transformation equilibrium was affected by solvent polarity and the length of the alkyl chains in the amphiphilic parts. All complexes are efficient catalysts for the oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of dioxygen. The positive charge around the complex increases the acceleration of the dissociation of 2-mercaptoethanol under neutral pH. The catalytic activity is affected by the length of the alkyl chain; consequently the stability of aggregation between cobalt(II) phthalocyanines, as catalysts for the oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol, can be changed.

Synthesis and biological studies of amphiphilic carbazole pyridinium conjugates

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 440-447
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Pandey ◽  
Hilal Rather ◽  
Sarla Yadav ◽  
Rajesh Vasita ◽  
Iti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
A549 Cells ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Carbazole Derivatives ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Stokes Shifts ◽  
Pyridinium Group ◽  
C Nmr

Amphiphilic carbazole pyridinium conjugates are synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and [Formula: see text]C NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. The pyridinium group is attached on the 3-position of the carbazole ring and long alkyl chains are linked to the central [Formula: see text] atom. The introduction of a pyridinium group afforded water-soluble carbazole derivatives with significant bathochromic shifts in their absorption and emission spectra. As compared to the parent [Formula: see text]-butylcarbazole compound, carbazole pyridinium conjugates exhibited 50 nm red-shifted absorption maxima. Similarly, the carbazole pyridinium conjugates displayed 143–147 nm red-shifted emission maxima in solution. In addition, large Stokes shifts (5747–7558 cm[Formula: see text] were observed for the conjugates in solution. The cell penetrable amphiphilic carbazole pyridinium conjugates exhibited cytoplasmic distribution in A549 cells.

scholarly journals A new class of organogelators based on triphenylmethyl derivatives of primary alcohols: hydrophobic interactions alone can mediate gelation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangkhem P Singh ◽  
Rajkumar S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
New Class ◽  
Group A ◽  
Gelation Concentration ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Derivatives Of

In the present work, we have explored the use of the triphenylmethyl group, a commonly used protecting group for primary alcohols as a gelling structural component in the design of molecular gelators. We synthesized a small library of triphenylmethyl derivatives of simple primary alcohols and studied their gelation properties in different solvents. Gelation efficiency for some of the derivatives was moderate to excellent with a minimum gelation concentration ranging between 0.5–4.0% w/v and a gel–sol transition temperature range of 31–75 °C. 1,8-Bis(trityloxy)octane, the ditrityl derivative of 1,8-octanediol was the most efficient organogelator. Detailed characterizations of the gel were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, rheology and powder XRD techniques. This gel also showed a good absorption profile for a water soluble dye. Given the non-polar nature of this molecule, gel formation is likely to be mediated by hydrophobic interactions between the triphenylmethyl moieties and alkyl chains. Possible self-assembled packing arrangements in the gel state for 1,8-bis(trityloxy)octane and (hexadecyloxymethanetriyl)tribenzene are presented. Results from this study strongly indicate that triphenylmethyl group is a promising gelling structural unit which may be further exploited in the design of small molecule based gelators.

scholarly journals Self-Assembly Properties of Amphiphilic Iron(III) Spin Crossover Complexes in Water and at the Air–Water Interface

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo N. Martinho ◽  
Irina A. Kühne ◽  
Brendan Gildea ◽  
George McKerr ◽  
Barry O’Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Magnetic Profile

The assembly properties of three known spin crossover iron(III) complexes 1–3, at the air–water interface, are reported. All three complexes are amphiphiles, each bearing a pair of Cn alkyl chains on the polyamino Schiff base sal2trien ligand (n = 6, 12, or 18). Complex 1 is water-soluble but complexes 2 and 3 form Langmuir films, and attempts were made to transfer the film of the C18 complex 3 to a glass surface. The nature of the assembly of more concentrated solutions of 3 in water was investigated by light scattering, cryo-SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy), all of which indicated nanoparticle formation. Lyophilization of the assembly of complex 3 in water yielded a powder with a markedly different magnetic profile from the powder recovered from the initial synthesis, notably, the spin crossover was almost completely quenched, and the thermal behavior was predominantly low spin, suggesting that nanoparticle formation traps the system in one spin state.

Folded alkyl chains in water-soluble capsules and cavitands

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (34) ◽  
pp. 6561-6563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse V. Gavette ◽  
Kang-Da Zhang ◽  
Dariush Ajami ◽  
Julius Rebek
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds

A deep cavitand with ionic “feet” dimerizes around hydrophobic compounds in D2O.

A Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin as an Embedding Material for Electron Microscopy of Membranes

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Robertson ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Cell Organization

The extraction of lipids from tissues during fixation and embedding for electron microscopy is widely recognized as a source of possible artifact, especially at the membrane level of cell organization. Lipid extraction is also a major disadvantage in electron microscope autoradiography of radioactive lipids, as in studies of the uptake of radioactive fatty acids by intestinal slices. Retention of lipids by fixation with osmium tetroxide is generally limited to glycolipids, phospholipids and highly unsaturated neutral lipids. Saturated neutral lipids and sterols tend to be easily extracted by organic dehydrating reagents prior to embedding. Retention of the more saturated lipids in embedded tissue might be achieved by developing new cross-linking reagents, by the use of highly water soluble embedding materials or by working at very low temperatures.

Ferritin Labeled Antibody Staining of Thin Sections

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
J. D. McLean ◽  
S. J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

The successful application of ferritin labeled antibodies (F-A) to ultrathin sections of biological material has been hampered by two main difficulties. Firstly the normally used procedures for the preparation of material for thin sectioning often result in a loss of antigenicity. Secondly the polymers employed for embedding may non-specifically absorb the F-A. Our earlier use of cross-linked polyampholytes as embedding media partially overcame these problems. However the water-soluble monomers used for this method still extract many lipids from the material.

The Effect of Benzene on Bluegill Olfactory Lamellae

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
D.R. Mattie ◽  
J.W. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Normal Surface ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

Jet fuels such as JP-4 can be introduced into the environment and come in contact with aquatic biota in several ways. Studies in this laboratory have demonstrated JP-4 toxicity to fish. Benzene is the major constituent of the water soluble fraction of JP-4. The normal surface morphology of bluegill olfactory lamellae was examined in conjunction with electrophysiology experiments. There was no information regarding the ultrastructural and physiological responses of the olfactory epithelium of bluegills to acute benzene exposure.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of benzene on the surface morphology of the nasal rosettes of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Bluegills were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 7.7±0.2ppm (+S.E.M.) benzene for five, ten or fourteen days. Nasal rosettes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.25mM calcium chloride. Specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy.

An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

Characterization of Chemical Impurities in Glutaraldehyde

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
B. J. Grenon ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Impurity Component ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Soluble Liquid

Ever since the introduction of glutaraldehyde as a fixative in electron microscopy of biological specimens, the identification of impurities and consequently their effects on biologic ultrastructure have been under investigation. Several reports postulate that the impurities of glutaraldehyde, used as a fixative, are glutaric acid, glutaraldehyde polymer, acrolein and glutaraldoxime.Analysis of commercially available biological or technical grade glutaraldehyde revealed two major impurity components, none of which has been reported. The first compound is a colorless, water-soluble liquid with a boiling point of 42°C at 16 mm. Utilizing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis, this compound has been identified to be — dihydro-2-ethoxy 2H-pyran. This impurity component of the glutaraldehyde biological or technical grades has an UV absorption peak at 235nm. The second compound is a white amorphous solid which is insoluble in water and has a melting point of 80-82°C. Initial chemical analysis indicates that this compound is an aldol condensation product(s) of glutaraldehyde.

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