scholarly journals Solute displacement in the aqueous phase of water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures relevant to solvent-driven water treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (49) ◽  
pp. 29516-29527
Author(s):  
Joshua S. McNally ◽  
Zi Hao Foo ◽  
Akshay Deshmukh ◽  
Christopher J. Orme ◽  
John H. Lienhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
The One ◽  
Water Treatments

Water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures evaluated with hydrates salt concentrations to reveal general phenomenon of the one-for-one molar displacement of NaCl by organic solutes as well as implications on solvent driven water treatments.

A treatability index for reservoir water

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Ta ◽  
C. A. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Algal Concentration ◽  
Run Lengths ◽  
Water Treatments

A Treatability Index is developed to allow comparison of different reservoir waters according to their effects on a water treatments works. For the water treatment works which employs rapid gravity filters, the index is the product of the algal concentration, the clarification coefficients of algae and the filtration rate. The index is applied to reservoir waters within Thames Water area. Algae observed in reservoirs are grouped according to their shapes. Among these groups, twenty frequently observed species were selected and their clarification coefficients were measured. The treatability index was then evaluated for different waters and at different times of the year. The results were correlated to the filter run lengths and the development of headloss across the filters.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

scholarly journals Forces Necessary to Initiate Dispersal for Three Tumbleweeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk V. Baker ◽  
K. George Beck ◽  
Bogusz J. Bienkiewicz ◽  
Louis B. Bjostad
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Water ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Water Treatments

AbstractAlthough diffuse knapweed, kochia, and Russian thistle are important tumbleweeds of the western United States, environmental factors contributing to their dispersal are not well understood. Bolting rosettes of these species were transplanted to pots and reared in a common garden to determine the affect of postsenescence water on stem strength. There were no differences in stem strength among three water treatments for Russian thistle. Kochia, under moderate water treatment, required more than twice the force to break compared to plants under the zero and high water treatments. In contrast, diffuse knapweed plants under zero water treatment required four to six times greater force to break compared to plants under the moderate and high water treatments. There was a strong difference in diffuse knapweed stem strength between field collection sites that corresponded to observed differences in proportion of plants tumbling. A wind tunnel was used to develop a conversion factor between force and wind velocity. Wind velocities necessary to break diffuse knapweed stems ranged from 16 to 37 m/s (36 to 77 mph).

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Growth and Nutrition in Barley and Rye As Affected by Low-Water Treatment

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RE Shapter
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Water Treatments

A comparative study of growth and nutrition in barley and rye was made with two water treatments. The low-water treatment was of an intermittent character and harvests were made after each of the five periods of water stress. Yield reductions due to low-water treatment were highly significant at all five harvests and for both species. The severity of the effects on various plant parts was conditioned by the stage of development of those parts.

Equipment and Technology Research of Ballast Water Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Marine Environmental Protection ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Marine Environmental

Biological invasions caused by Ballast water is always one of the diffcult problems of marine environmental protection, and the technology of ballast water treatment is an effective way to solve biological invasion. This article introduce many equipments of ballast water treatment, introduce physical ballast water treatment, chemical treatment and comprehensive treatment, then describes the advantages and disadvantages of these metheods.

High-permeance metal–organic framework-based membrane adsorber for the removal of dye molecules in aqueous phase

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang Ting ◽  
Heng-Yu Chi ◽  
Chon Hei Lam ◽  
Kuan-Ying Chan ◽  
Dun-Yen Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Membrane Adsorber ◽  
Organic Framework

This paper reports on a novel membrane adsorber comprising metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for water treatment.

scholarly journals Should you save the more useful? The effect of generality on moral judgments about rescue and indirect effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Caviola ◽  
Stefan Schubert ◽  
Andreas Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
General Rules ◽  
The One

Across eight experiments (N = 2,310), we studied whether people would prioritize rescuing individuals who may be thought to contribute more to society. We found that participants were generally dismissive of general rules that prioritize more socially beneficial individuals, such as doctors instead of unemployed people. By contrast, participants were more supportive of one-off decisions to save the life of a more socially beneficial individual, even when such cases were the same as those covered by the rule. This generality effect occurred robustly even when controlling for various factors. It occurred when the decision-maker was the same in both cases, when the pairs of people differing in the extent of their indirect social utility was varied, when the scenarios were varied, when the participant samples came from different countries, and when the general rule only covered cases that are exactly the same as the situation described in the one-off condition. The effect occurred even when the general rule was introduced via a concrete precedent case. Participants’ tendency to be more supportive of the one-off proposal than the general rule was significantly reduced when they evaluated the two proposals jointly as opposed to separately. Finally, the effect also occurred in sacrificial moral dilemmas, suggesting it is a more general phenomenon in certain moral contexts. We discuss possible explanations of the effect, including concerns about negative consequences of the rule and a deontological aversion against making difficult trade-off decisions unless they are absolutelynecessary.

scholarly journals Breaking Dormancy in Red Raspberry with Hot Water Treatment and its Effects on Cold Hardiness

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Palonen ◽  
Leena Lindén
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Water Treatments

`Maurin Makea', `Muskoka', ` Ottawa', and `Preussen' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) canes were collected from the field and subjected to different hot water treatments (20, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C) to determine if endodormancy could be removed by a near lethal stress. Estimation of days for 50% budbreak (DD50) was found useful for describing the state of bud dormancy in the samples. Bud dormancy was broken in `Ottawa' by immersing the canes in 45 °C water for 2 hours, in `Maurin Makea' by treating the canes in 40 °C water, and in `Preussen' by both 40 and 45 °C treatments. The influence of this treatment on dormancy and cold hardiness at different times of the winter was further examined using `Ottawa' raspberry. The treatment removed bud dormancy most effectively in October, when the samples were in deepest dormancy. A slight effect was observed in November, but no effect in January. During ecodormancy in February the treatment delayed budbreak. Hot water treatment reduced cold hardiness of `Ottawa' canes by 8 to 15 °C, and that of buds by 9 to 13 °C during both endo- and ecodormancy. Based on the capacity of buds and canes to reacclimate, recovery from the stress treatment was possible at temperatures ≥4 °C. Loss of cold hardiness was caused by high treatment temperature itself and was not related to breaking of dormancy in samples. This finding suggests that dormancy and cold hardiness are physiologically unconnected in raspberry.

Determinants of economic growth in Iraq: a standard study for the period (1970-2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Hayder Talib Mousa ◽  
Karim Salem Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

The subject of economic growth and development has taken a great space of importance in recent decades, level in terms of economic theory, scientific and academic research or the level of international institutions, and the level of countries and their economic orientations. Economic growth as a general phenomenon is a means of achieving various purposes. Growth rate or at least improve it by introducing all the conditions imposed by economic development. Economic growth remains the main concern of the various systems on the one hand and individuals on the other. It is at the top of the objectives of economic policies as it represents the material conclusion of economic and non-economic efforts in society

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