scholarly journals Substituted adenine quartets: interplay between substituent effect, hydrogen bonding, and aromaticity

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 23350-23358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Szatylowicz ◽  
Paulina H. Marek ◽  
Olga A. Stasyuk ◽  
Tadeusz M. Krygowski ◽  
Miquel Solà
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Substituent Effect ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Type A ◽  
Electronic Nature

Substituent effects on hydrogen bonds in adenine quartets and aromaticity of adenine rings depend on the quartet type. A4-N3 and A4-N7 quartets are more responsive to the electronic nature of substituents than A4-N1.

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ortho-substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Fong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Downfield Shift ◽  
Conformational Isomers ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in o-hydroxy-, o-amino- and o-mercapto- N,N-dimethylbenzamide has been examined with the help of 1H, 13C n.m.r. and infrared spectroscopy, a study of barriers to rotation about the C- N bond, and a study of substituent effects using a multi-substituent parameter equation. The cyclic intramolecular hydrogen-bonded structure for the o-mercapto compound is non-planar, and conformational isomers have been detected. The order of relative energies of the hydrogen bonds formed in o-substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides is OH > NH2 > SH, as determined from a rotational barrier probe. It has beenverified that intramolecular hydrogen bonding causes a downfield shift of the 13C n.m.r. chemical shift of the carbonyl group in these compounds.

Kinetic Study of Hydrolysis of Benzoates. Part XXVI. Variation of the Substituent Effect with Solvent in Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted Alkyl Benzoates

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilve Nummert ◽  
Mare Piirsalu ◽  
Ilmar A. Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Substituent Effect ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Alkyl Substituent ◽  
Solvent Parameters ◽  
Substituent Constants ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Main Factor

The second-order rate constants k2 (dm3 mol-1 s-1) for the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted alkyl benzoates C6H5CO2R have been measured spectrophotometrically in aqueous 0.5 M Bu4NBr at 50 and 25 °C (R = CH3, CH2Cl, CH2CN, CH2C≡CH, CH2C6H5, CH2CH2Cl, CH2CH2OCH3, CH2CH3) and in aqueous 5.3 M NaClO4 at 25 °C (R = CH3, CH2Cl, CH2CN, CH2C≡CH). The dependence of the alkyl substituent effects on different solvent parameters was studied using the following equations:      ∆ log k = c0 + c1σI + c2EsB + c3∆E + c4∆Y + c5∆P + c6∆EσI + c7∆YσI + c8∆PσI     ∆ log k = c0 + c1σ* + c2EsB + c3∆E + c4∆Y + c5∆P + c6∆Eσ* + c7∆Yσ* + c8∆Pσ* .  ∆ log k = log kR - log kCH3. σI and σ* are the Taft inductive and polar substituent constants. E, Y and P are the solvent electrophilicity, polarity and polarizability parameters, respectively. In the data treatment ∆E = ES - EH2O , ∆Y = YS - YH2O , ∆P = PS - PH2O were used. The solvent electrophilicity, E, was found to be the main factor responsible for changes in alkyl substituent effects with medium. When σI constants were used, variation of the polar term of alkyl substituents with the solvent electrophilicity E was found to be similar to that observed earlier for meta and para substituents, but twice less when σ* constants were used. The steric term for alkyl substituents was approximately independent of the solvent parameters.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Bonds: Raman Spectroscopic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5380
Author(s):  
Boris A. Kolesov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Vibrational Frequency ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Proton Dynamics

The work outlines general ideas on how the frequency and the intensity of proton vibrations of X–H×××Y hydrogen bonding are formed as the bond evolves from weak to maximally strong bonding. For this purpose, the Raman spectra of different chemical compounds with moderate, strong, and extremely strong hydrogen bonds were obtained in the temperature region of 5 K–300 K. The dependence of the proton vibrational frequency is schematically presented as a function of the rigidity of O-H×××O bonding. The problems of proton dynamics on tautomeric O–H···O bonds are considered. A brief description of the N–H···O and C–H···Y hydrogen bonds is given.

2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (pyridinium-4-ylcarbonyl)hydrazone chloride hemihydrate

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. o2043-o2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Wen Chen ◽  
Han-Dong Yin ◽  
Da-Qi Wang ◽  
Xia Kong ◽  
Xiao-Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Compound C

The crystal structure of the title compound, C14H14ClN3O3 +·Cl−·0.5H2O, exhibits O—H...O, C—H...O, C—H...Cl, N—H...Cl and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. The chloride anions participate in extensive hydrogen bonding with the aminium cations and link molecules through multiple N—H+...Cl− interactions.

Five pseudopolymorphs of 6-amino-2-thiouracil: absence of N—H...S hydrogen bonds

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Maximilian Hützler ◽  
Michael Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Cambridge Structural Database ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Pattern ◽  
Crystallization Experiments ◽  
Structural Database ◽  
Thiouracil Derivatives

In order to study the preferred hydrogen-bonding pattern of 6-amino-2-thiouracil, C4H5N3OS, (I), crystallization experiments yielded five different pseudopolymorphs of (I), namely the dimethylformamide disolvate, C4H5N3OS·2C3H7NO, (Ia), the dimethylacetamide monosolvate, C4H5N3OS·C4H9NO, (Ib), the dimethylacetamide sesquisolvate, C4H5N3OS·1.5C4H9NO, (Ic), and two different 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one sesquisolvates, C4H5N3OS·1.5C5H9NO, (Id) and (Ie). All structures containR21(6) N—H...O hydrogen-bond motifs. In the latter four structures, additionalR22(8) N—H...O hydrogen-bond motifs are present stabilizing homodimers of (I). No type of hydrogen bond other than N—H...O is observed. According to a search of the Cambridge Structural Database, most 2-thiouracil derivatives form homodimers stabilized by anR22(8) hydrogen-bonding pattern, with (i) only N—H...O, (ii) only N—H...S or (iii) alternating pairs of N—H...O and N—H...S hydrogen bonds.

scholarly journals Two New Polyiodides in the 4,4´-Bipyridinium Diiodide/Iodine System

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Guido J. Reiss ◽  
Martin van Megen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Complex I ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cyclic Dimer ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Hydroiodic Acid

The reaction of bipyridine with hydroiodic acid in the presence of iodine gave two new polyiodide-containing salts best described as 4,4´-bipyridinium bis(triiodide), C10H10N2[I3]2, 1, and bis(4,4´-bipyridinium) diiodide bis(triiodide) tris(diiodine) solvate dihydrate, (C10H10N2)2I2[I3]2 · 3 I2 ·2H2O, 2. Both compounds have been structurally characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic methods (Raman and IR). Compound 1 is composed of I3 − anions forming one-dimensional polymers connected by interionic halogen bonds. These chains run along [101] with one crystallographically independent triiodide anion aligned and the other triiodide anion perpendicular to the chain direction. There are no classical hydrogen bonds present in 1. The structure of 2 consists of a complex I144− anion, 4,4´-bipyridinium dications and hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 2. The I144− polyiodide anion is best described as an adduct of two iodide and two triiodide anions and three diiodine molecules. Two 4,4´-bipyridinium cations and two water molecules form a cyclic dimer through N-H· · ·O hydrogen bonds. Only weak hydrogen bonding is found between these cyclic dimers and the polyiodide anions.

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