scholarly journals Hydrophilic nanofibers in fog collectors for increased water harvesting efficiency

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 22335-22342
Author(s):  
Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak ◽  
Piotr K. Szewczyk ◽  
Daniel P. Ura ◽  
Katarzyna Berent ◽  
Urszula Stachewicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Fog Water ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency

Modification of Raschel meshes used for fog water collectors with PA6 nanofibers allow to obtain 300% higher water collection rate in collecting water from fog.

Optimizing Water Harvesting on Bioinspired Surfaces: A Mesoscopic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souparna Chakraborty ◽  
Abhirup Chaudhuri ◽  
Chirodeep Bakli
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Laplace Pressure ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Water Collection

Abstract The water crisis affects the lives of millions over the world. Minimizing water losses in major water-consuming industries like power plants is of utmost importance. Since cooling towers lead to huge amounts of water loss, implementing modifications for recovering a fraction of this lost water in the exhaust has been a topic of active research. These modifications are often inspired by biological species, especially in arid regions, which have adapted in different ways by collecting water from fog, and hence biomimetic has become popular for water harvesting techniques. We revisit the fog collection technique most commonly used in nature and compare the relative merits of the same with surface texture and wettability. Arrays of spines of three different configurations were considered in this study — namely cuboidal, cylindrical and conical shapes. A theoretical model is developed to carry out a comparative analysis of these configurations considered. The effects of Laplace pressure gradient, gravity, topography and tilt angle on droplet transportation along the spines were explored to decipher the most efficient water transport and collection route. The observations are explained by performing extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to bring out the interplay of surface tension and roughness at the contact line verifying the proposed formulations. The conical-shaped spines exhibited maximum transport and collection efficiency for zero tilt angle. Both cuboidal and cylindrical shaped spines showed little or no water collection when the spines are oriented horizontally. This is due to the Laplace pressure gradient which arises from varying radii of curvature of the conical shaped spine which drives the water droplets towards the base but is absent for the other two cases considered. On the contrary, when there is some finite tilt angle, the contribution of gravity comes into consideration and the water collection rate of the conical and cylindrical spines becomes comparable. Both Laplace pressure gradient and gravity help in water transport in the conical case whereas only gravity assists the water transport process for cylindrical spines. Still, the water collection rate is almost the same for these two scenarios due to enhanced coalescence of liquid droplets for the cylindrical case as is observed from MD simulations. As the droplets coalesce, they get larger and gravity aids the transport process by overcoming the solid-liquid interaction strength. Cuboidal shaped spines show the least efficiency with only gravity to assist the transport process and no coalescence is observed in this case. Moreover, the geometrical disparity makes the tips of conical spines more hydrophobic compared to the others which further ameliorates the water collection efficiency.

High-efficiency water collection on biomimetic material with superwettable patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (84) ◽  
pp. 12415-12417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhu ◽  
Fuchao Yang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhiguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Biomimetic Material ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Superhydrophilic Surface

A superhydrophilic surface with two superhydrophobic circular patterns was successfully prepared, which showed outstanding fog-harvesting efficiency with a water collection rate (WCR) of 1316.9 mg h−1 cm−2. The water collection process can be repeated 10 times without obvious variation in the WCR.

scholarly journals Fog water harvesting providing stability for small Bedwe communities lives in North cost of Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Harb ◽  
M.Sh. Salem ◽  
G.H. Abd EL-Hay ◽  
Kh.M. Makled
Keyword(s):  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Fog Water

Electrostatic fog water collection

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Cruzat ◽  
Carlos Jerez-Hanckes
Keyword(s):  
Fog Water ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Fog Water Collection

Assessment of fog-water collection on the eastern escarpment of Eritrea

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussie Fessehaye ◽  
Sabah A. Abdul-Wahab ◽  
Michael J. Savage ◽  
Thomas Kohler ◽  
Tseggai Gherezghiher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fog Water ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Fog Water Collection

scholarly journals Gender and Community Mainstreaming in Fog Water Collection Systems

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Lucier ◽  
Manzoor Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Fog Water ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Primary Water ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Fog Water Collection

Fog water collection is an emerging opportunity to combat local water shortages in water-scarce areas where sustainable access to water is unreliable, but fog events are frequent. Since fog water systems are implemented within or near communities, they eliminate or decrease the need to travel far distances for the collection of water during times of scarcity. As a result, these systems decrease the physical and social burden of water collection on women and girls, who are the primary water gatherers in most traditional communities. This is an important outcome because women and girls are disproportionately affected by water scarcity and are not seen as equals in water management, access, or control. This paper illustrates how several fog water collection projects have shown, empirically, that the positive outcomes for women and girls may include the freeing of time for domestic and educational pursuits, improved health outcomes, and improved perceptions of self and others’ perceptions of women. These findings are important at a time when the world at large is addressing the Sustainable Development Agenda, where Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 necessitates safe water and sanitation for all and SDG 5 ensures gender equality to empower all women and girls.

scholarly journals A facile strategy for the fabrication of a bioinspired hydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surface for highly efficient fog-harvesting

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 18963-18969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Wang ◽  
Lianbin Zhang ◽  
Jinbo Wu ◽  
Mohamed Nejib Hedhili ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fog Water ◽  
Patterned Surface ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Thermal Pressing ◽  
Fog Water Collection

The simple lab oven-based thermal pressing of a hydrophilic polystyrene (PS) flat sheet together with a (super)hydrophobically modified metal-based gauze produces a hydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surface which exhibits a high fog water collection performance.

scholarly journals Designing bioinspired surfaces for water collection from fog

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2138) ◽  
pp. 20180269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev Gurera ◽  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conical Surfaces

A systematic study is presented on various water collectors, bioinspired by desert beetles, desert grass and cacti. Three water collecting mechanisms including heterogeneous wettability, grooved surfaces, and Laplace pressure gradient, were investigated on flat, cylindrical, conical surfaces, and conical array. It is found that higher water repellency in flat surfaces results in higher water collection rate and inclination angle (with respect to the vertical axis) has little effect. Surfaces with heterogeneous wettability have higher water collection rate than surfaces with homogeneous wettability. Both cylindrical and conical surfaces resulted in comparable water collection rate. However, only the cone transported the water droplets to its base. Heterogeneity, higher inclination and grooves increased the water collection rate. A cone has a higher collection rate per unit area than a flat surface with the same wettability. An array of cones has higher collection rate per unit area than a single cone, because droplets in a conical array coalesce, leading to higher frequency of droplets falling. Adding heterogeneity further increases the difference. Based on the findings, scaled-up designs of beetle-, grass- and cactus-inspired surfaces and nets are presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

scholarly journals Fog Water Collection in a Subtropical Elfin Laurel Forest of the Garajonay National Park (Canary Islands): A Combined Approach Using Artificial Fog Catchers and a Physically Based Impaction Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ritter ◽  
C. M. Regalado ◽  
G. Aschan
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
National Park ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fog Water ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Fog Water Collection

Abstract Fog precipitation has long been assumed as an additional water source in the relic laurel ecosystems of the Canary Islands, located at 500–1400 m MSL. However, to what extent fog water can contribute to the laurel forest water balance is not yet clear. Combining data from artificial fog catchers and a physically based impaction model, the authors evaluated the potential contribution of fog water captured by needle-leafed Erica arborea L. trees in a selected watershed of the Garajonay National Park (La Gomera Island) for a 2-yr period (February 2003–January 2005). Fog water collection was measured with artificial catchers at four micrometeorological stations placed at 1145, 1185, 1230, and 1270 m MSL. Average fog water collection was only significant at the highest measurement site (one order of magnitude greater than at lower altitudes), totaling 496 L m−2 yr−1 during the 2-yr period. The average fog water yield in the first and second annual periods ranged between 0.2–5.0 and 0.1–2.1 L m−2 day−1, respectively. Rainfall exhibited seasonality, distinguishing between rainy and dry seasons, while fog water collection was distributed more evenly throughout the year. Regarding fog water captured by the vegetation, the impaction model predicted a significant amount of fog water potentially collected by a single E. arborea tree, on the order of 1810–2090 L yr−1. Taking tree population density into account, the yearly average water contribution to the soil surface by wind-driven fogs was 251–281 mm, whereas annual rainfall was 635 and 1088 mm, respectively. The hourly course of micrometeorological variables shows a 58% reduction in global radiation under foggy conditions and a concomitant 3°–6°C mean temperature decrease compared to fog-free periods. Thus, limiting evapotranspiration may also be a relevant effect of fog in this subtropical elfin cloud forest.

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