scholarly journals Improving the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethanes based on the synergistic effect of P–N flame retardants and a Schiff base

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 12078-12088
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaosheng Du ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Zongliang Du ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethanes

A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared.

Preparation of Rigid Flame Retardancy Polyurethane Foam Material with Difficult Combusted Degree

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1151-1157
Author(s):  
Zhen Hui Qiu ◽  
Yuan Bao Sun ◽  
Zhan He Du
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The flame retardants used for the rigid PU foam material were studied systematically in this paper and a series of experiments were carried out to test the oxygen index (OI) of it. The synergistic effect in the different flame retardants also be verified to achieve a well flame retardancy performance. The best ingredients were found out by an orthogonal experiment which can give the PU foam maeterial a difficult combusted degree with the oxygen index higher than 34.

scholarly journals Flame-retardancy and smoke suppression characteristics of bamboo impregnated with silicate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcates

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1311-1324
Author(s):  
Yating Hua ◽  
Chungui Du ◽  
Huilong Yu ◽  
Ailian Hu ◽  
Rui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Yield

Flame-retardant silicate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcites (CaAl-SiO3-LDHs) were synthesized to treat bamboo for retardancy, to overcome the bamboo’s flammability and reduce the production of toxic smoke during combustion. The microstructure, elemental composition, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression characteristics of the bamboo before and after the fire-retardant treatment with different pressure impregnation were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis (EDX), and cone calorimetry. It was found that CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame retardants can effectively fill and cover the cell wall surface and the cell cavity of bamboo without damaging the microstructure. As compared to the non-flame-retardant bamboo, the heat release rate (HRR) of the CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame-retardant bamboo was significantly reduced, the total heat release (THR) decreased by 31.3%, the residue mass increased by 51.4%, the time to ignition (TTI) delay rate reached 77.8%, the mass loss rate (MLR) decreased, and the carbon formation improved. Additionally, as compared to the non-flame-retardant bamboo, the total smoke release (TSR) of the CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame-retardant bamboo decreased by 38.9%, and the carbon monoxide yield (YCO) approached zero. Thus, the CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame-retardant bamboo has excellent flame-retardancy and smoke suppression characteristics.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of flame retardants and graphitic carbon nitride on flame retardancy of polylactide composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwu Cao ◽  
Xiaoning Chi ◽  
Xueqin Deng ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Nanosilica Aerogel with Phosphorus Flame Retardants on Improving Flame Retardancy and Leaching Resistance of Wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Zhu ◽  
Yiqiang Wu ◽  
Cuihua Tian ◽  
Yan Qing ◽  
Chunhua Yao
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

Nanosilica (Nano-SiO2) sol fabricated by a sol-gel process was introduced into wood modification with phosphorus flame retardants to improve the flame retardancy and leaching resistance of wood. The obtained materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetric (CONE), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The residual rate of flame retardants before and after leaching was determinated by a leaching resistance. The results showed that the phosphorus flame retardants and SiO2sol could reside in the poplar wood and are widely distributed in the vessels, pits, wood timber, and the spaces between wood cells of poplar substrate. TGA and CONE results indicated that the introduction of nano-SiO2aerogel with phosphorus flame retardants had a significantly synergistic effect on improving the flame retardancy and inhibiting the release of smoke and toxic gases. In addition, the leaching resistance test, combined with infrared analysis and EDS analysis, confirmed that the phosphorus flame retardants were able to be fixed by SiO2aerogel in the wood.

Silica precursor as synergist for cotton flame retardancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marija Grancaric ◽  
Lea Botteri ◽  
Jenny Alongi ◽  
Anita Tarbuk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Silica Precursor

Purpose – The cotton and its blends is the most commonly used textile material in the design and production of protective clothing. However, as the cellulose textiles are the most flammable materials it is necessary to improve its flame retardancy. The government regulations have been the driving force for developing durable flame retardants finishes for textile, to improve its performance and to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the effect of silica precursor (tetraethoxysilane – TEOS) added in bath with conventional flame retardant urea/ammonium polyphosphate in full and half concentration for achieving environmental-friendly cotton flame retardancy. Silica precursors have excellent thermal stability and high heat resistance with very limited release of toxic gases during the thermal decomposition. Synergistic effect between urea/ammonium polyphosphate and TEOS has been calculated. Thermal properties of treated cotton fabrics were determined by limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). Findings – TEOS, significantly improves the flame retardancy of cotton when added in the bath with conventional flame retardants urea/ammonium polyphosphate by increasing the LOI values and other thermal properties as increasing char residue measured by TGA and higher heat release rate measured by MCC. Originality/value – This paper represent a good synergistic effect between urea/ammonium polyphosphate and TEOS. This phenomena is evident in better thermal properties when TEOS was added in the bath with conventional flame retardant especially for half concentration of urea/ammonium polyphosphate.

scholarly journals Research on the Flame Retardancy Properties and Mechanism of Modified Asphalt with Halloysite Nanotubes and Conventional Flame Retardant

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4509
Author(s):  
Yangwei Tan ◽  
Zhaoyi He ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Barrier Layer ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Flame Retardancy Mechanism

The inflammability of asphalt road will promote fire spread in the tunnel and produce lots of toxic smoke. To improve the fire resistance of asphalt pavement, mineral powder flame retardants are generally replaced by flame retardants in equal amounts. In this study, the effects of the synergistic flame retardancy system of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and conventional flame retardants (CFR) on the flame retardancy performance and mechanism of asphalt were investigated. Firstly, the flame retardancy properties of the HNTs and CFR composite modified asphalt were investigated based on the Cleveland open cup method (COC), Limiting oxygen index meter (LOI), and Cone calorimeter tests (CCTs). Then, the flame retardancy mechanism of the modified asphalt was studied based on Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that adding HNTs could improve the flame retardancy of the CFR modified asphalt binder. When 1 wt % HNTs and 8 wt % CFR were used, the limiting oxygen index of asphalt increased by 40.1%, the ignition temperature increased by 40 °C, while the heat release rate, total heat release, the smoke production rate, total smoke release, and other parameters decreased with varying degrees. Based on TG, FTIR, and SEM, the targeted flame retardancy mechanism and synergistic effect of HNTs/CFR flame retardancy system were revealed and summarized as three stages: (1) Stage 1, aluminum hydroxide (ATH) absorbs heat through thermal decomposition and inhibits the decomposition of lightweight components in asphalt; (2) Stage 2, aluminum diethyl phosphate (ADP) decomposes and produces organic phosphoric acid, which catalyzes crosslinking and ring thickening of asphalt and the quenching effect of phosphorus free radicals to block the combustion; and (3) Stage 3, HNTs plays an important role in increasing the integrity and density of the barrier layer. In addition, the Al2O3 produced by the decomposition of ATH, the carbon layer formed by the ADP catalyzed pitch, and HNTs play a significant synergistic effect in the formation of the barrier layer. Thus, the combination of HNTs and CFR has been proved to be a prospective flame retardancy system for asphalt.

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