scholarly journals Generation of powerful organic electron donors by water-assisted decarboxylation of benzimidazolium carboxylates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Tintori ◽  
Arona Fall ◽  
Nadhrata Assani ◽  
Yuxi Zhao ◽  
David Bergé-Lefranc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Addition ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Organic Electron ◽  
Water Activation

In situ and easy generation of organic electron donors from water-activation of carboxylate precursors allows OED-promoted intermolecular radical addition reactions.

scholarly journals Facile preparation and isolation of neutral organic electron donors based on 4-dimethylaminopyridine

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien D. Martin ◽  
C. Adam Dyker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Organic Electron ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Isolated Neutral

A number of new neutral bis-2-(4-dimethylamino)pyridinylidene electron donors featuring N-akyl groups of varying lengths (propyl, butyl, hexyl, dodecyl) have been prepared from 4-dimethylaminopyridine by means of a simple two-step procedure. Each derivative could be isolated in high yield and could be stored indefinitely under inert atmosphere. The electron donors were chemically oxidized to the corresponding bipyridinium ions, and all compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. As an emerging class of electron transfer agents, the availability of the isolated neutral bispyridinylidenes should be beneficial for cases that are incompatible with generating the electron donor in situ.

Ground State Cross-Coupling of Haloarenes with Arenes Initiated by Organic Electron Donors, Formed in situ: An Overview

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nocera ◽  
John A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Aryl Radical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homolytic Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Organic Electron

Many reactions have been discovered that lead to coupling of haloarenes to arenes using potassium tert-butoxide as the base, and one of a variety of organic compounds as an additive. The organic additive reacts with the base to form a strong organic electron donor in situ that initiates a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction, by converting the haloarene into an aryl radical. This brief report presents an overview of the wide range of organic additives that can be used, and the organic electron donors that they form.

Switching from single to simultaneous free radical and anionic polymerization with enamine‐based organic electron donors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Zhao ◽  
Marion Rollet ◽  
Laurence Charles ◽  
Gabriel Canard ◽  
Didier Gigmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Organic Electron

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of <i>Geobacter</i> spp. and sulfate-reducing bacteria during uranium bioremediation

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barlett ◽  
K. Zhuang ◽  
R. Mahadevan ◽  
D. Lovley
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Organic Electron ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Enhancing microbial U(VI) reduction with the addition of organic electron donors is a promising strategy for immobilizing uranium in contaminated groundwaters, but has yet to be optimized because of a poor understanding of the factors controlling the growth of various microbial communities during bioremediation. In previous field trials in which acetate was added to the subsurface, there were two distinct phases: an initial phase in which acetate-oxidizing, U(VI)-reducing Geobacter predominated and U(VI) was effectively reduced and a second phase in which acetate-oxidizing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) predominated and U(VI) reduction was poor. The interaction of Geobacter and SRB was investigated both in sediment incubations that mimicked in situ bioremediation and with in silico metabolic modeling. In sediment incubations, Geobacter grew quickly but then declined in numbers as the microbially reducible Fe(III) was depleted whereas the SRB grow more slowly and reached dominance after 30–40 days. Modeling predicted a similar outcome. Additional modeling in which the relative initial percentages of the Geobacter and SRB were varied indicated that there was little to no competitive interaction between Geobacter and SRB when acetate was abundant. Further simulations suggested that the addition of Fe(III) would revive the Geobacter, but have little to no effect on the SRB. This result was confirmed experimentally. The results demonstrate that it is possible to predict the impact of amendments on important components of the subsurface microbial community during groundwater bioremediation. The finding that Fe(III) availability, rather than competition with SRB, is the key factor limiting the activity of Geobacter during in situ uranium bioremediation will aid in the design of improved uranium bioremediation strategies.

Free radical addition reactions—IV

Tetrahedron ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2743-2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Goldwhite ◽  
M.S. Gibson ◽  
C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Addition ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Free Radical Addition

ChemInform Abstract: CAPTODATIVE SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS. 18. KINETIC EFFECTS IN RADICAL ADDITION REACTIONS TO RADICOPHILES

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. LAHOUSSE ◽  
R. MERENYI ◽  
J. R. DESMURS ◽  
H. ALLAIME ◽  
A. BORGHESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Radical Addition ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Kinetic Effects
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